Hand-made Ceramic Anthropomorphous Figurines from Ancient Greek Sites of Dnister River Lower Region
Keywords:
Нижнее Поднестровье, терракоты, гето-фракийцы, поздние скифы.
Abstract
The paper treats twenty-four hand-made ceramic anthropomorphous figurines from Tyras, Nikonion, and Nadlymanske hill-fort. Assemblages and layers where they were found are dated by the period from the 6th century BC to the 4th century AD. These items are divided into two groups. The first group comprises terracottas made in Ancient Greek art style. The statuettes of the second group are analogous to the artefacts found at Getic culture sites. Several similar statuettes are also known from the late-Scythian settlements of the first centuries AD. Findings of these terracottas together with other materials testify that the Barbarians lived in the cities of the Dnister River lower region. These items were probably used in rites related to the fertility cult
References
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Bruiako I.V., Dzygovskii A.N., Sekerskaia N.M. Nikonii rimskoi еpokhi. Odesa, 2008.
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Samoilova T.L. Varvary v Tire dorimskogo vremeni. Pamiatniki drevnei istorii Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv, 1985, pp. 51-59.
Samoilova T.L. Tira. Drevniie kultury Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria (k 95-letiiu Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy). Odesa, 2013, pp. 450-492.
Samoilova T.L. Tira v VI-I vv. do n. e. Kyiv, 1988.
Samoilova T.L. Ellinskoie i varvarskoie v dukhovnom mire grekov Nizhnego Podnestrovia v VI-I vv. do n. e. Pamiatky arkheolohii Pivnichno-Zakhidnoho Prychornomoria. Odesa, 2000, pp. 79-106.
Saveliev O.K. Kontakty Tiry i varvarov v rimskoie vremia. Probleme actuale ale arheologiei, etnologiei şi studiului artelor. Chişinău, 2014, p. 43.
Saveliev O.K., Savelieva Ye.S., Statuetki i figurnyie sosudy rimskogo vremeni iz Tiry. Stratum plus. 2012, no. 4, pp. 97-106.
Sekerskaia N.M. Nikonii. Drevniie kultury Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria (k 95-letiiu Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy). Odesa, 2013, pp. 493-522.
Shaub I.Yu. Kult Velikoi bogini u mestnogo naseleniia Severnogo Prichernomoria. Stratum plus. 1999, no. 3, pp. 207-223.
Shcherbakova T.A., Tashchi Ye.F. Terrakoty iz Nizhnego Podnestrovia (po materialam raskopok poseleniia Chobruchi). Starozhytnosti Stepovoho Prychornomoria i Krymu. 2009, iss. XV, pp. 217-220.
Shramko B.A. Belskoie gorodishche skifskoi epokhi (gorod Gelon). Kyiv, 1987.
Shramko B.A. Glinianyie skulptury lesostepnoi Skifii. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia. 1999, no. 3, pp. 35-49.
Shramko B.A. Kompleks glinianykh skulptur Belskogo gorodishcha. Bilske horodyshche v konteksti vyvchennia pamiatok rannioho zaliznoho viku Evropy. Poltava, 1996, pp. 67-87.
Shurgaia I.G. Agrarnaia magiia v Ilurate. Problemy antichnoi kultury. Moskva, 1986, pp. 217-222.
Silantieva P.F. Terrakoty Pantikapeia. Terrakoty Severnogo Prichernomoria, iss. III, Moskva, 1974, pp. 5-37 (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, iss. H1-11).
Sîrbu V. Figurinele antropomorfe din prima epocâ a fierului discoperite în Lumea Tracicâ. Istros. 1999, pp. 47-88.
Sîrbu V. Figurinele antropomorfe şi zoomorfe Traco-geto-Dacice din prima şi a doua epocă a fierului. Istros. 1987, pp. 91-157.
Son N.A. Tira rimskogo vremeni. Kyiv, 1993.
Stillwell A.N. The potters’ Quarter. The Terracottas. Corinth. New Jersey, 1952.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4390693
Viazmitina M.I. Poselennia bilia s. Zolota Balka. Arkheolohiia. 1957, iss. I, рр. 115-126.
Bruiako I.V., Dzygovskii A.N., Sekerskaia N.M. Nikonii rimskoi еpokhi. Odesa, 2008.
Buiskykh S.B. Eskhary Glubokoi Pristani. Drevneie Prichernomorie. Kratkie soobshcheniia Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo ovshchestva. Odesa, 1993, рр. 80-82.
Chebotarenko H.F. Nekotoryie redkiie nakhodki vtoroi poloviny 1-go tysiacheletiia do n. e. s poseleniia Kalfa. Trudy. Kyshynev, 1969, iss. 2, pp. 58-60.
Dzys-Raiko H.A., Okhotnikov S.B., Redina Ye.F. Gorodishche Nadlimanskoie IV-III vv. do n. e. v Nizhnem Podnestrovie. Odesa, 2012.
Gavryliuk N.A. Lepnaia keramika Tiry. Tira-Belgorod-Akkerman (materialy issledovanii). Odesa, 2010, рр. 11-46.
Kashuba M.T., Khakheu V.P., Levitskii O.H. Frako-getskiie drevnosti v yuzhnoi lesostepi srednego Dnestra. Stratum plus. 2001-2002, iss. 3, рр. 118-216.
Kleiman I.B. Terrakoty Roksolanovskogo gorodishcha. Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria. Odesa, 1966, рр. 90-100.
Kleiman I.B. Tri fragmentirovanyie terrakotovyie statuetki iz gorodishcha Nadlimanskogo. Kratkiie soobshcheniia o polevykh arkheologicheskikh issledovaniiakh Odesskogo gosudarstvennogo arkheologicheskogo muzeia 1962 g. Odesa, 1964, рр. 137-139.
Konova L. Magicheski obrazi. Gliniani kultovi figuri ot raiona na s. Konevo, Elkhovsko. Izvestiia na Natsionalniia istoricheski muzei. 2004, iss. XIV, рр. 17-42.
Kravchenko A.A. Mogilnik cherniakhovskoi kultury v sele Frunzovka. Istoriia i arkheologiia yugo-zapadnykh oblastei SSSR nachala nashei ery. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR, 1976, no. 139, рр. 160-163.
Kruglikova I.T. Terrakoty iz selskikh poselenii evropeiskoi chasti Bosporskogo gosudarstva. Terrakoty Severnogo Prichernomoria. Ch. II, Moskva, 1970, рр. 100-111 (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, iss. H1-11).
Kuzmenko V.I. Issledovanie rimskikh sloev Nikoniia. Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria. Odesa, 1976, iss. 8, pp. 218-224.
Levi Ye.A. Terrakoty iz Olvii. Terrakoty Severnogo Prichernomoria. Ch. I, Moskva, 1970, pp. 33-56. (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, iss. H1-11).
Malikov V.M. Zhertvennik iz prigrodnogo zdaniia Neapolia Skifskogo. Kratkiie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii. 1961, iss. 11, pp. 64-69.
Maliukevich A.Ye. Mologa - sakralnyi tsentr pozdnikh skifov Budzhaka. Olbio in memoriam V.V. Krapivina. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy. Kyiv, 2015, iss. 1 (14), pp. 333-358.
Marchenko K.K., Domanskii Ya.V. Kultovyi zolnik na poselenii Kutsurub I. Kratkiie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii. 1983, iss. 174, pp. 37-40.
Nikulitse I.T. Severnyie frakiitsy v VI-I vv. do n. e. Kishinev, 1987.
Okhotnikov S.B. Poseleniia Nizhnego Podnestrovia (VI-III vv. do n. e.). Drevniie kultury Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria (k 95-letiiu Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy). Odesa, 2013, pp. 554-570.
Ostapenko P.V. Varvarizovannyie antropomorfnyie terrakoty iz Tiry. Starozhytnosti stepovoho Prychornomoria i Krymu. 2005, iss. II, pp. 230-235.
Pogrebova N.N. Pozdneskifskiie gorodishcha na Nizhnem Dnepre (gorodishcha Znamenskoie i Gavrilovskoie). Pamiatniki skifo-sarmatskogo vremeni v Severnom Prichernomorie. 1958, pp. 103-247 (Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR. no. 64).
Rusiaieva A.S. Terrakota i figurnyie sosudy. Kultura naseleniia Olvii i yeio okrugi v arkhaicheskoie vremia. Kyiv, 1987, pp. 160-175.
Samoilova T.L. Varvary v Tire dorimskogo vremeni. Pamiatniki drevnei istorii Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv, 1985, pp. 51-59.
Samoilova T.L. Tira. Drevniie kultury Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria (k 95-letiiu Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy). Odesa, 2013, pp. 450-492.
Samoilova T.L. Tira v VI-I vv. do n. e. Kyiv, 1988.
Samoilova T.L. Ellinskoie i varvarskoie v dukhovnom mire grekov Nizhnego Podnestrovia v VI-I vv. do n. e. Pamiatky arkheolohii Pivnichno-Zakhidnoho Prychornomoria. Odesa, 2000, pp. 79-106.
Saveliev O.K. Kontakty Tiry i varvarov v rimskoie vremia. Probleme actuale ale arheologiei, etnologiei şi studiului artelor. Chişinău, 2014, p. 43.
Saveliev O.K., Savelieva Ye.S., Statuetki i figurnyie sosudy rimskogo vremeni iz Tiry. Stratum plus. 2012, no. 4, pp. 97-106.
Sekerskaia N.M. Nikonii. Drevniie kultury Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria (k 95-letiiu Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy). Odesa, 2013, pp. 493-522.
Shaub I.Yu. Kult Velikoi bogini u mestnogo naseleniia Severnogo Prichernomoria. Stratum plus. 1999, no. 3, pp. 207-223.
Shcherbakova T.A., Tashchi Ye.F. Terrakoty iz Nizhnego Podnestrovia (po materialam raskopok poseleniia Chobruchi). Starozhytnosti Stepovoho Prychornomoria i Krymu. 2009, iss. XV, pp. 217-220.
Shramko B.A. Belskoie gorodishche skifskoi epokhi (gorod Gelon). Kyiv, 1987.
Shramko B.A. Glinianyie skulptury lesostepnoi Skifii. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia. 1999, no. 3, pp. 35-49.
Shramko B.A. Kompleks glinianykh skulptur Belskogo gorodishcha. Bilske horodyshche v konteksti vyvchennia pamiatok rannioho zaliznoho viku Evropy. Poltava, 1996, pp. 67-87.
Shurgaia I.G. Agrarnaia magiia v Ilurate. Problemy antichnoi kultury. Moskva, 1986, pp. 217-222.
Silantieva P.F. Terrakoty Pantikapeia. Terrakoty Severnogo Prichernomoria, iss. III, Moskva, 1974, pp. 5-37 (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, iss. H1-11).
Sîrbu V. Figurinele antropomorfe din prima epocâ a fierului discoperite în Lumea Tracicâ. Istros. 1999, pp. 47-88.
Sîrbu V. Figurinele antropomorfe şi zoomorfe Traco-geto-Dacice din prima şi a doua epocă a fierului. Istros. 1987, pp. 91-157.
Son N.A. Tira rimskogo vremeni. Kyiv, 1993.
Stillwell A.N. The potters’ Quarter. The Terracottas. Corinth. New Jersey, 1952.
https://doi.org/10.2307/4390693
Viazmitina M.I. Poselennia bilia s. Zolota Balka. Arkheolohiia. 1957, iss. I, рр. 115-126.
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