Jewelry of the 6th and 7th Centuries Gothic Women’s Costume (Unknown Artifacts)
Keywords:
Gothic Women’s Costume, 6th and 7th centuries, burials of women, South-Western Crimea, Early Middle Age, Crimean Goths’, Museum’s collection.
Abstract
Archaeological materials described in the article from the 6th and 7th centuries burials of women indicate that a peculiar for the Goths festive women’s dress was spread among the Germanic population of Tauria on the south coast, in the South-Western Crimea, as well as in Kerch in the Early Middle Age. Neither written, nor iconographic sources do not offer any concrete data on the Crimean Goths’ clothes of this period. It is possible to study their dress only after archaeological finds. The Museum’s collection of jewelry ornaments for the Gothic women’s dress, which were part of the funeral equipment in the Crimean necropolis is, contains pair silver gilt bow and radiate brooches of small and large sizes, huge silver belt buckles of different types, and also a series of gold hoop earrings with a polyhedron-shaped bead, gold pectoral crosses and silver bracelets. These decorative accessories can serve as chronological indicators for dating the graves and funeral objects. To define the types of jewelry ornaments the author uses the classification of items, which had been already developed in numerous scientific publications.
References
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Aibabin A.I. Mogilniki VIII – nachala X vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1993, iss. III, pp. 121-136.
Aibabin A.I. Etnicheskaia istoriia rannevizantiiskogo Kryma. Simferopol, 1999.
Aibabin A.I. Step i Yugo-Zapadnyi Krym. Krym, Severo-Vostochnoe Prychernomore i Zakavkaze v epokhu srednevekovia. Moskva, 2003.
Aibabin A.I., Khairedinova E.A. Novyi kompleks s palchatymi fibulami s nekropolia u s. Luchistoe. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1996, iss. V, pp. 85-93.
Aibabin A.I., Khairedinova E.A. Problemy khronologii i tipologiia inventaria. Mogilnyk u sela Luchistoe. Symferopol; Kerch, 2008. vol. I, pp. 19-31.
Ambroz A.K. Fibuly yuga Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR II-IV vv. n. e. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov. Moskva, 1966, iss. D1-30, pp. 80-91.
Ambroz A.K. Dunaiskiie elementy v rannesrednevekovoi kulture Kryma (VI-VII vv.). Kratkie soobshcheniia instituta arkheologii. 1968, iss. 113, pp. 1-30.
Ambroz A.K. Yuzhnye khudozhestvennye sviazi naseleniia Verkhnego Podneprovia v VI v. Drevnie slaviane i ikh sosedi. Moskva, 1970, pp. 74 (Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii, 176).
Ambroz A.K. Problemy rannesrednevekovoi khronologii Vostochnoi Evropy. Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1971, ch. I, no. 2, pp. 96-123.
Ambroz A.K. Khronologiia rannesrednevekovykh drevnostei Vostochnoi Evropy V-IX st. Institut Arkheologii AN SSSR. Dokt. diss.: Moskva, 1974, pp. 178-240.
Ambroz A.K. Osnovy periodizatsii yuzhnokrymskikh mogilnikov tipa Suuk-Su. Drevnosti slavian i Rusi. Moskva, 1988, pp. 5-12.
Ambroz A.K. Yugo-Zapadnyi Krym. Mogilniki IV-VII vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1994/1995, iss. IV.
Akhmedov R.I. Nekotoryie indikatory kulturnykh vzaimodeistvii v drevnostiakh riazano-okskikh finnov vtoroi poloviny V – nachala VI v. Problemy vzaimodeistviia naseleniia Vostochnoi Evropy v epokhu Velikogo pereseleniia narodov. Moskva, 2014, pp. 159-160 (RSM, 15).
Bank A.V. Vizantiiskoe iskusstvo v sobraniiakh Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva; Leningrad, 1966.
Veimarn E.V., Ambroz A.K. Bolshaia priazhka iz skalistinskoho mogilnika (sklep 288). Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1980, no. 3, pp. 247-262.
Volodarets-Urbanovych Ya.V. Fibuly V pershoi polovyny VIII st. z Poltavshchyny (znakhidky vid pochatku 2000-kh rokiv). Arkheolohiia. 2015, no. 3, pp. 87-106.
Havritukhin I.O. Bospor i Podneprove v VI-VII vv. (k izucheniiu severepontiiskikh yuvelirnykh shkol). Mezhdunar. konf. Vizantiia i Krym. Simferopol, 1997, pp. 1-39.
Danilevich V.E. Raskopki kurganov okolo s. Bud i kh. Berёzovky Akhtyrskoho uezda Kharkovskoi gubernii. Trudy XII Arkheolohycheskii sezd. Moskva, 1905. vol. 1, pp. 411-433.
Zubar V.M., Mahomedov V.V. Novi doslidzhennia serednovichnykh pokhovan Khersonesa. Arkheolohiia. Kyiv, 1981, iss. 36, pp. 71-77.
Zasetskaia I.P. Kultura kochevnikov yuzhnorusskikh stepei v gunnskuiu epokhu (konets IV-V). St.-Peterburg, 1994.
Kazanskii M.M. Slaviane i dunaiskie germantsy v VI veke: svidetelstva pismennykh istochnikov i nekotoryie arkheologicheskie dannye. Shtrikhi k portretam minuvshikh epokh. Arkheologiia, istoriia, etnografiia. Zimovniki, 2014, MMXIV, pp. 156-193.
Komar A.V. Pereshchepinskii kompleks v kontekste osnovnykh problem istorii i kultury kochevnikov Vostochnoi Evropy VII – nach. VIIIv. Stepi Evropy v epokhu srednevekovia. Trudy po arkheologii. Donetsk, 2006. vol. 5.
Korzukhina G.F. Klady i sluchainye nakhodki veshchei kruha “drevnosty antov” v srednem Podneprove. Katalog pamiatnikov. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1996, V, pp. 352-435.
Kropotkin V.V. Iz istorii srednevekovogo Kryma. Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1958, XXVIII, pp. 198-218.
Matsulevich L.A. K voprosu o stadialnosti v gotskikh nadstroechnykh yavleniiakh. Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi akademii materialnoi kultury. Moskva; Leningrad., 1933, XLV, pp. 44-49.
Mashov S. Ranne srednovekovye fibuly ot Avhusta pri s. Kherlets, Vrachansky okreeg. Arkheolohyia. 1976, no. 1, pp. 1-51.
Prokopii Kesariiskii. O postroikakh. Vestnik drevnei istorii. 1939, no. 4, pp. 203-283.
Pudovin V.K Datirovka nizhnego sloia mogilnika Suuk-Su (550-650 hh.). Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1961, no. 1, pp. 177-185.
Repnikov N.I. Nekotoryie mogilniki krymskikh gotov. Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheolohicheskoi komissii. Odessa, 1906, ch. 1, iss. 19, pp. 1-80.
Repnikov N.I. Nekotoryie mogilniki krymskikh gotov. ZOOID. Odessa, 1907, ch. 2, XXVII.
Rodinkova V.E. Palchatyie fibuly iz Yuzhnogo Pobuzhia. Aktualnyie problemy Vostochnoi Evropy I tysiacheletiia n. e. Problemy i materialy. Moskva, 2010a, pp. 261-276 (RSM, 13).
Rodinkova V.E. Zhenskii kostium dneprovskikh plemёn v epokhu Velikogo pereseleniia narodov: sovremennoe sostoianie issledovanii. Novyie issledovaniia po arkheologii stran SNH i Baltii. Moskva, 2011, pp. 239-265.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium varvarov Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma v V – pervoi polovine VI vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Kyiv, 2002, iss. 9, pp. 53-118.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium s bolshymi priazhkami s khristianskoi simvolikoi iz Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. XSb. Sevastopol, 1999, iss. X, pp. 334-348.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium s yuzhnokrymskimi orlinogolovymi priazhkami. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 2000, iss. VII, pp. 91-133.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium varvarov Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma v VI-VII vv. (po materialam mogilnika u s. Luchistoe). Alushta i alushtinsiyi region s drevnikh vremёn do nashikh dnei. Kyiv, 2002, pp. 34-47.
Khairedinova E.A. Rannesrednevekovyie kresty iz Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferoprol, 2007, iss. XIII, pp. 151-182.
Shablavina E.A. Shablony dlia litia orlinogolovykh priazhek iz yuzhnokrymskikh mogilnikov. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. St.-Peterburg, 2005, no. 37, pp. 109-115.
Shchukin M.B. Gotskii put (goty, Rim i cherniakhovskaia kultura). St.-Peterburg, 2005, pp. 110-153.
Erdeli I. Novyi mogilnik V v. v Kestkhei-Fenekpuste. Drevnosti epokhy velikogo pereseleniia narodov V-VIII vekov. Moskva, 1982, pp. 64-69.
Alfieri N.A., Arias P.E., Montanari G.B., Degani M. Ori e argenti dell’Emilia antika. Bologna, 1958.
Аrbman H. Stildrag folkvandringstidens Konst. Fornvannen, t. 40. Stockholm, 1945
Bierbrauer V. Die Ostgotischen Grab und Schatzfunde in Italien. Biblioteca degli “Studi Medievali”. Spoleto, 1975, VII, pp. 23-39.
Csallany D. Archaologische Denkmaler der Gepiden im Mitteldonaubecken (454-568 n.Z.). Archeologiсa Hungaricae. Budapest, 1961, no. 166, pp. 217-333.
Damm I. Goldschmiedearbeiten der Volkerwanderungzeit aus dem Nordlichen Schwarzmeergebiet. Katalog der Sammlung Diergardt 2. Kolner Jahrbuch fur Vor-und Fruhgeschichte. Berlin, 1988, Band 21, pp. 98-126.
Gotze A. Gotishe Schnallen. Berlin, 1907.
Giesler U. Volker am Hochrhein. Das Basier Land im fruhen Miftelalter. Die Alamannen. Stuttgart, 1997, pp. 209-218.
Kiss A. Archeologia degli Ostrogoti in Pannonia (456-473). I Goti. Milano, 1994, pp. 164-169.
Kovacevic J. Varvarska kolonizacija juznoslovenskih oblasti. Novi Sad, 1960.
Kuhn H. Die Germanischen Bugelfibeln der Volkerwanderungszeit in der Rheinprovinz. Graz, 1965, vol. I, pp. 90-100.
Quast D. Vom Einzelgrab zum Friendorf. Beginn der Reihengraberzitte im 5. Jahrhundert. Die Alamannen. Stuttgart, 1997, pp. 171-190.
Radulescu A., Lungu V. Le christianisme en Scytie Mineure a la lumiere des dernieres decouvetrtes archeologiques. Actes du Xle congres international de l’archeologie chretienne. Rome, 1989, vol. II, pp. 2583-2584.
Ross M.C. Catalog of the Bizantine and Early Mediaeval Antiquities in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection. Washington, 1965.
Salin B. Die altgermanische Tierornamentik. Stockholm, 1904.
Stadler P. Ostgermanische Graber. Germanen, Hunnen und Avaren. Schatze der Volkerwanderungszeit. Nurnberg, 1988.
Vinski Z. Archaologiche Spuren ostgotischer Anwesenheit im heutigen Bereich Jugoslawiens. Problemi seobe naroda u Karpatskoj kotlini. Novi Sad, 1978, pp. 244-269.
Werner J. Katalog der Summlung Diergardt. Bd. 1, Die Fibeln. Berlin, 1961.
Zasetskaya I.P. On the Chronology of Eagle-Head Buckles from the Necropolis of Bosporus and South-Crimean Burial-grounds of the Early Medieval Period (6th early 7th centuries AD). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. Laiden, 2004, vol. 10, pp. 77-138. https://doi.org/10.1163/1570057041963921
Aibabin A.I. Mogilniki VIII – nachala X vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1993, iss. III, pp. 121-136.
Aibabin A.I. Etnicheskaia istoriia rannevizantiiskogo Kryma. Simferopol, 1999.
Aibabin A.I. Step i Yugo-Zapadnyi Krym. Krym, Severo-Vostochnoe Prychernomore i Zakavkaze v epokhu srednevekovia. Moskva, 2003.
Aibabin A.I., Khairedinova E.A. Novyi kompleks s palchatymi fibulami s nekropolia u s. Luchistoe. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1996, iss. V, pp. 85-93.
Aibabin A.I., Khairedinova E.A. Problemy khronologii i tipologiia inventaria. Mogilnyk u sela Luchistoe. Symferopol; Kerch, 2008. vol. I, pp. 19-31.
Ambroz A.K. Fibuly yuga Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR II-IV vv. n. e. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov. Moskva, 1966, iss. D1-30, pp. 80-91.
Ambroz A.K. Dunaiskiie elementy v rannesrednevekovoi kulture Kryma (VI-VII vv.). Kratkie soobshcheniia instituta arkheologii. 1968, iss. 113, pp. 1-30.
Ambroz A.K. Yuzhnye khudozhestvennye sviazi naseleniia Verkhnego Podneprovia v VI v. Drevnie slaviane i ikh sosedi. Moskva, 1970, pp. 74 (Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii, 176).
Ambroz A.K. Problemy rannesrednevekovoi khronologii Vostochnoi Evropy. Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1971, ch. I, no. 2, pp. 96-123.
Ambroz A.K. Khronologiia rannesrednevekovykh drevnostei Vostochnoi Evropy V-IX st. Institut Arkheologii AN SSSR. Dokt. diss.: Moskva, 1974, pp. 178-240.
Ambroz A.K. Osnovy periodizatsii yuzhnokrymskikh mogilnikov tipa Suuk-Su. Drevnosti slavian i Rusi. Moskva, 1988, pp. 5-12.
Ambroz A.K. Yugo-Zapadnyi Krym. Mogilniki IV-VII vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1994/1995, iss. IV.
Akhmedov R.I. Nekotoryie indikatory kulturnykh vzaimodeistvii v drevnostiakh riazano-okskikh finnov vtoroi poloviny V – nachala VI v. Problemy vzaimodeistviia naseleniia Vostochnoi Evropy v epokhu Velikogo pereseleniia narodov. Moskva, 2014, pp. 159-160 (RSM, 15).
Bank A.V. Vizantiiskoe iskusstvo v sobraniiakh Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva; Leningrad, 1966.
Veimarn E.V., Ambroz A.K. Bolshaia priazhka iz skalistinskoho mogilnika (sklep 288). Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1980, no. 3, pp. 247-262.
Volodarets-Urbanovych Ya.V. Fibuly V pershoi polovyny VIII st. z Poltavshchyny (znakhidky vid pochatku 2000-kh rokiv). Arkheolohiia. 2015, no. 3, pp. 87-106.
Havritukhin I.O. Bospor i Podneprove v VI-VII vv. (k izucheniiu severepontiiskikh yuvelirnykh shkol). Mezhdunar. konf. Vizantiia i Krym. Simferopol, 1997, pp. 1-39.
Danilevich V.E. Raskopki kurganov okolo s. Bud i kh. Berёzovky Akhtyrskoho uezda Kharkovskoi gubernii. Trudy XII Arkheolohycheskii sezd. Moskva, 1905. vol. 1, pp. 411-433.
Zubar V.M., Mahomedov V.V. Novi doslidzhennia serednovichnykh pokhovan Khersonesa. Arkheolohiia. Kyiv, 1981, iss. 36, pp. 71-77.
Zasetskaia I.P. Kultura kochevnikov yuzhnorusskikh stepei v gunnskuiu epokhu (konets IV-V). St.-Peterburg, 1994.
Kazanskii M.M. Slaviane i dunaiskie germantsy v VI veke: svidetelstva pismennykh istochnikov i nekotoryie arkheologicheskie dannye. Shtrikhi k portretam minuvshikh epokh. Arkheologiia, istoriia, etnografiia. Zimovniki, 2014, MMXIV, pp. 156-193.
Komar A.V. Pereshchepinskii kompleks v kontekste osnovnykh problem istorii i kultury kochevnikov Vostochnoi Evropy VII – nach. VIIIv. Stepi Evropy v epokhu srednevekovia. Trudy po arkheologii. Donetsk, 2006. vol. 5.
Korzukhina G.F. Klady i sluchainye nakhodki veshchei kruha “drevnosty antov” v srednem Podneprove. Katalog pamiatnikov. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 1996, V, pp. 352-435.
Kropotkin V.V. Iz istorii srednevekovogo Kryma. Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1958, XXVIII, pp. 198-218.
Matsulevich L.A. K voprosu o stadialnosti v gotskikh nadstroechnykh yavleniiakh. Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi akademii materialnoi kultury. Moskva; Leningrad., 1933, XLV, pp. 44-49.
Mashov S. Ranne srednovekovye fibuly ot Avhusta pri s. Kherlets, Vrachansky okreeg. Arkheolohyia. 1976, no. 1, pp. 1-51.
Prokopii Kesariiskii. O postroikakh. Vestnik drevnei istorii. 1939, no. 4, pp. 203-283.
Pudovin V.K Datirovka nizhnego sloia mogilnika Suuk-Su (550-650 hh.). Sovetskaia Arkheologiia. 1961, no. 1, pp. 177-185.
Repnikov N.I. Nekotoryie mogilniki krymskikh gotov. Izvestiia Imperatorskoi arkheolohicheskoi komissii. Odessa, 1906, ch. 1, iss. 19, pp. 1-80.
Repnikov N.I. Nekotoryie mogilniki krymskikh gotov. ZOOID. Odessa, 1907, ch. 2, XXVII.
Rodinkova V.E. Palchatyie fibuly iz Yuzhnogo Pobuzhia. Aktualnyie problemy Vostochnoi Evropy I tysiacheletiia n. e. Problemy i materialy. Moskva, 2010a, pp. 261-276 (RSM, 13).
Rodinkova V.E. Zhenskii kostium dneprovskikh plemёn v epokhu Velikogo pereseleniia narodov: sovremennoe sostoianie issledovanii. Novyie issledovaniia po arkheologii stran SNH i Baltii. Moskva, 2011, pp. 239-265.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium varvarov Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma v V – pervoi polovine VI vv. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Kyiv, 2002, iss. 9, pp. 53-118.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium s bolshymi priazhkami s khristianskoi simvolikoi iz Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. XSb. Sevastopol, 1999, iss. X, pp. 334-348.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium s yuzhnokrymskimi orlinogolovymi priazhkami. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferopol, 2000, iss. VII, pp. 91-133.
Khairedinova E.A. Zhenskii kostium varvarov Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma v VI-VII vv. (po materialam mogilnika u s. Luchistoe). Alushta i alushtinsiyi region s drevnikh vremёn do nashikh dnei. Kyiv, 2002, pp. 34-47.
Khairedinova E.A. Rannesrednevekovyie kresty iz Yugo-Zapadnogo Kryma. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Simferoprol, 2007, iss. XIII, pp. 151-182.
Shablavina E.A. Shablony dlia litia orlinogolovykh priazhek iz yuzhnokrymskikh mogilnikov. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. St.-Peterburg, 2005, no. 37, pp. 109-115.
Shchukin M.B. Gotskii put (goty, Rim i cherniakhovskaia kultura). St.-Peterburg, 2005, pp. 110-153.
Erdeli I. Novyi mogilnik V v. v Kestkhei-Fenekpuste. Drevnosti epokhy velikogo pereseleniia narodov V-VIII vekov. Moskva, 1982, pp. 64-69.
Alfieri N.A., Arias P.E., Montanari G.B., Degani M. Ori e argenti dell’Emilia antika. Bologna, 1958.
Аrbman H. Stildrag folkvandringstidens Konst. Fornvannen, t. 40. Stockholm, 1945
Bierbrauer V. Die Ostgotischen Grab und Schatzfunde in Italien. Biblioteca degli “Studi Medievali”. Spoleto, 1975, VII, pp. 23-39.
Csallany D. Archaologische Denkmaler der Gepiden im Mitteldonaubecken (454-568 n.Z.). Archeologiсa Hungaricae. Budapest, 1961, no. 166, pp. 217-333.
Damm I. Goldschmiedearbeiten der Volkerwanderungzeit aus dem Nordlichen Schwarzmeergebiet. Katalog der Sammlung Diergardt 2. Kolner Jahrbuch fur Vor-und Fruhgeschichte. Berlin, 1988, Band 21, pp. 98-126.
Gotze A. Gotishe Schnallen. Berlin, 1907.
Giesler U. Volker am Hochrhein. Das Basier Land im fruhen Miftelalter. Die Alamannen. Stuttgart, 1997, pp. 209-218.
Kiss A. Archeologia degli Ostrogoti in Pannonia (456-473). I Goti. Milano, 1994, pp. 164-169.
Kovacevic J. Varvarska kolonizacija juznoslovenskih oblasti. Novi Sad, 1960.
Kuhn H. Die Germanischen Bugelfibeln der Volkerwanderungszeit in der Rheinprovinz. Graz, 1965, vol. I, pp. 90-100.
Quast D. Vom Einzelgrab zum Friendorf. Beginn der Reihengraberzitte im 5. Jahrhundert. Die Alamannen. Stuttgart, 1997, pp. 171-190.
Radulescu A., Lungu V. Le christianisme en Scytie Mineure a la lumiere des dernieres decouvetrtes archeologiques. Actes du Xle congres international de l’archeologie chretienne. Rome, 1989, vol. II, pp. 2583-2584.
Ross M.C. Catalog of the Bizantine and Early Mediaeval Antiquities in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection. Washington, 1965.
Salin B. Die altgermanische Tierornamentik. Stockholm, 1904.
Stadler P. Ostgermanische Graber. Germanen, Hunnen und Avaren. Schatze der Volkerwanderungszeit. Nurnberg, 1988.
Vinski Z. Archaologiche Spuren ostgotischer Anwesenheit im heutigen Bereich Jugoslawiens. Problemi seobe naroda u Karpatskoj kotlini. Novi Sad, 1978, pp. 244-269.
Werner J. Katalog der Summlung Diergardt. Bd. 1, Die Fibeln. Berlin, 1961.
Zasetskaya I.P. On the Chronology of Eagle-Head Buckles from the Necropolis of Bosporus and South-Crimean Burial-grounds of the Early Medieval Period (6th early 7th centuries AD). Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. Laiden, 2004, vol. 10, pp. 77-138. https://doi.org/10.1163/1570057041963921
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