Playing Sets from Excavations by P.I. Smolychev from Floodplain Burial Ground at Shestovytsia
Keywords:
game, hnefatafl, mill, playing figures, gambling set, pawn, king, import, glass.
Abstract
Based on the archival sources, the republication of lost today gaming pieces found during the research at the floodplain burial ground by P.I. Smolychev in 1926 is conducted in the article. Systematized is the data on the analogies, on the chronology of assemblages and the typological structure of the pieces, which are found in the 10th century burials, and also as single findings in synchronous cultural layers at the settlements in Kyiv Rus and Scandinavia. Gaming pieces made of glass are concentrated in so called «retinue» centres related with the Scandinavian influence and were the imports for Kyiv Rus. Analogies of glass pieces reveal their belonging to North European cultural circle, irrespectively of their place of production, which is not finally determined today. Discoveries of such findings in barrows at Shestovytsia, with a cremated at the place burial among them containing the remains in urn peculiar for the 10th century Slavs in Ancient Rus millieu, testify that the game was adopted by the local population, though with reservation on localization of such findings at the main trade routs.
References
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Sahaidak M.A. Davnokyivskyi Podil. Kyiv, 1991.
Samokvasov D.Ya. Mogily russkoi zemli. Moskva, 1908.
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Spitsyn A.A. Otchet o raskopkakh, proizvedennykh v 1905 g. I.S. Abramovym v Smolenskoi gubernii. Zapiski Otdeleniia russkoi i slavianskoi arkheologii Imperatorskogo russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva. Sankt-Peterburg, 1906, V. VIII, Iss. 1, pp. 185-211.
Stankevich Ya.V. Shestovitskie kurgany. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii materialnoi kultury. 1947, Iss. XXI, pp. 100.
Stankevych Ya.V. Shestovytska arkheolohichna ekspedytsiia 1946 r. Arkheolohichni pamiatky Ukrainskoi RSR. Kyiv, 1949, V. I, pp. 50-57.
Stankevich Ya.V. Shestovitskoe poselenie i mogilnik po materialam raskopok 1946 goda. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii. 1962, Iss. 87, pp. 6-30.
Sytyi Yu.M. Do pytannia pro mistseznakhodzhennia kurhaniv ta kurhannykh hrup v ur. Korovel v s. Shestovytsia. Rus na perekhresti svitiv. Chernihiv, 2006, pp. 173-186.
Shchapova Yu.L. Vizantiiskoe steklo. Ocherki istorii. Moskva, 2004, Iss. 2.
Shyrinskii S.S. Kurgany polian u s. Sednev. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiia za 1967 g. Moskva, 1968, pp. 239-240.
The Saga of Ref the Sly. Trans. G. Clark. The Sagas of Icelanders: a selection. London, 2000, pp. 595-625.
Tolochko P.P. Spornye voprosy rannei istorii Kievskoi Rusi. Slaviane i Rus (v zarubezhnoi istoriografii). Kyiv, 1990, pp. 99-121.
Whittaker H. Game-boards and gaming-pieces in the Northern European Iron Age. Nordlit. 2006, no 20, pp. 103-112. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1802
Androshchuk F.O. Normany i sloviany u Podesenni (modeli vzaiemokulturnoi vzaiemodii doby rannoho serednovichchia). Kyiv, 1999.
Androshchuk F., Zotsenko V. Skandynavski starozhytnosti Pivdennoi Rusi: kataloh. Paris, 2012.
Arbman H. En kammergrav från Vikingatiden vid Långtora, Uppland. Fornvännen. 1936, Årgång 31, pp. 89-98.
Arbman H. Birka I. Die Gräber. Taflen. Uppsala, 1940.
Arbman H. Birka I. Die Gräber. Uppsala, 1943.
Arne T.J. Skandinavische Holzkammergraber aus der Wikngerzet in der Ukraine. AAKbh. 1931, II, 3.
Arne T. J. Das Bootgraberfeld von Tuna in Alsike, Uppland. Stockholm, 1934. https://doi.org/10.2307/498852
Blifeld D.I. Davnoruski pamiatky Shestovytsi. Kyiv, 1977.
Borovskyi Ya.Ye., Kaliuk O.P. Doslidzhennia kyivskoho dytyntsia. Starodavnii Kyiv. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia 1984-1989. Kyiv, 1993, pp. 3-42.
Brandenburg N.E. Zhurnal raskopok N.E. Brandenburga 1888-1902 gg. Sankt-Peterburg, 1908.
Dovgaluk N., Murasheva V. Glass finds from Gnezdovo as a result of Russian-byzantine trade in the 10th century. 18th Congress of the International Association for the History of Glass: Programme and Abstracts. Thessaloniki, 2009, p. 51.
Graham-Campbell J. Viking Artefacts. London, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00043830
Helmfrid S. Hnefatafl – the Strategic Board Game of the Vikings. Version 2b. 2005, April, 23: http://hem.bredband.net/b512479/Hnefatafl_by_Sten_Helmfrid.pdf
Karger M.K. Drevnii Kiev. Ocherki po istorii materialnoi kultury drevnerusskogo goroda. Moskva; Leningrad, 1958, V. I.
Khamaiko N.V. Hralnyi nabir z zaplavnoho kurhanu Shestovytsi. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy. Iss. 8. Kolektsii Naukovykh fondiv Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy. Dzherela ta doslidzhennia. Kyiv, 2012, pp. 121-128.
Khanenko B.I., Khanenko V.I. Drevnosti Pridneprovia. Epokha slavianskaia (VI-XIII v.). Kyiv, 1902, Iss. V.
Korzukhina G.F. Russkie klady IX-XIII vv. Moskva, 1954.
Korzukhina G.F. Iz istorii igr na Rusi. Sovetskaia arkheologiia. 1963, no 4, pp. 85-102.
Les Vikings… Les Scandinaves et l’Europe 800-1200. Paris, 1992.
Lesman Yu.M. Skandinavskii komponent drevnerusskoi kultury. Stratum plus. 2014, no 5, pp. 43-87.
Linné C., Smith J.E. Lachesis Laponica, or a Tour in Lapland, now first published from the original manuscript journal of the celebrated Linnӕus. London, 1811 (reprint 2007). https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.28686
Murasheva V.V., Dovgaliuk N.P., Fetisov A.A. Vizantiiskie importy s territorii poimennoi chasti Gnezdovskogo poseleniia. Kraeugolnyi kamen. Arkheologiia, istoriia, iskusstvo, kultura Rossii i sopredelnykh stran. V 2 Vol. Moskva, 2010, V. 1, pp. 512-536.
Murray H.J.R. A History of Board-games Other Than Chess. Oxford, 1951.
Otchet Imperatorskoi arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1909-1910 gg. Sankt-Peterburg, 1913.
O’Neill Hencken H. The Harvard Archaeological Expedition in Ireland. American Journal of Archaeology. 1941, Vol. 45, no 1, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2307/499297
Petersen J. Bretspil i forhistorisk tid. Tidsskrift for norsk forhistorie. Oldtiden, 1914, pp. 75-95.
Pushkyna T.A. Gnezdovo – na puti iz variag v greki. Put iz variag v greki i iz grek… Katalog vystavki GIM. Moskva, 1996, pp. 20-27.
Rundkvist M., Williams H. A Viking Boat Grave with Amber Gaming Pieces Excavated at Skamby, Ӧstergøtland, Sweden. Medieval Archaeology. 2008, no 52, pp. 69-102. https://doi.org/10.1179/174581708×335440
Rybakov B.A. Arkhitekturnaia matematika drevnerusskikh zodchikh. Sovetskaia arkheologiia. 1957, no 1, pp. 83-112.
Rybina E.A. Shashki, “melnitsa”, shakhmaty. Drevniaia Rus. Byt i kultura. Moskva, 1997, pp. 110-114.
Sahaidak M.A. Davnokyivskyi Podil. Kyiv, 1991.
Samokvasov D.Ya. Mogily russkoi zemli. Moskva, 1908.
Smolichev P.I. Polevoi dnevnik raskopok severianskikh mogil vozle s. Shestovitsy na Chernigovshchine 1926 g. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy. F-6, no 26.
Smolichev P.I. Reestr veshchei, naidennykh pri raskopkakh severianskikh mogil vozle s. Shestovitsy v iiule-avguste 1926 g. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy. F-6, no 31.
Smolichev P.I. Systematyzovanyi opys rechei, znaidenykh pid chas rozkopok u s. Shestovytsi na Chernihivshchyni. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy. F-6, no 36.
Spitsyn A.A. Gnezdovskie kurgany v raskopkakh S.I. Sergeeva. Izvestiia arkheologicheskoi komissii. Sankt-Peterburg, 1905, Iss. 15, pp. 6-70.
Spitsyn A.A. Otchet o raskopkakh, proizvedennykh v 1905 g. I.S. Abramovym v Smolenskoi gubernii. Zapiski Otdeleniia russkoi i slavianskoi arkheologii Imperatorskogo russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva. Sankt-Peterburg, 1906, V. VIII, Iss. 1, pp. 185-211.
Stankevich Ya.V. Shestovitskie kurgany. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii materialnoi kultury. 1947, Iss. XXI, pp. 100.
Stankevych Ya.V. Shestovytska arkheolohichna ekspedytsiia 1946 r. Arkheolohichni pamiatky Ukrainskoi RSR. Kyiv, 1949, V. I, pp. 50-57.
Stankevich Ya.V. Shestovitskoe poselenie i mogilnik po materialam raskopok 1946 goda. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii. 1962, Iss. 87, pp. 6-30.
Sytyi Yu.M. Do pytannia pro mistseznakhodzhennia kurhaniv ta kurhannykh hrup v ur. Korovel v s. Shestovytsia. Rus na perekhresti svitiv. Chernihiv, 2006, pp. 173-186.
Shchapova Yu.L. Vizantiiskoe steklo. Ocherki istorii. Moskva, 2004, Iss. 2.
Shyrinskii S.S. Kurgany polian u s. Sednev. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiia za 1967 g. Moskva, 1968, pp. 239-240.
The Saga of Ref the Sly. Trans. G. Clark. The Sagas of Icelanders: a selection. London, 2000, pp. 595-625.
Tolochko P.P. Spornye voprosy rannei istorii Kievskoi Rusi. Slaviane i Rus (v zarubezhnoi istoriografii). Kyiv, 1990, pp. 99-121.
Whittaker H. Game-boards and gaming-pieces in the Northern European Iron Age. Nordlit. 2006, no 20, pp. 103-112. https://doi.org/10.7557/13.1802
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