Results of the Burial No. 8 Research from the Cemetery of Kariv I in the Western Buh River Region
Keywords:
Western Buh River region, Kariv-I cemetery, Roman time, Przeworsk culture, funerary rite, cremation, anthropological research.
Abstract
In 2018, during the excavations of the site Kariv-I in Western Buh River region, an area of 244 square metres was investigated. Four cremation burials were discovered (nos. 6–9). One of them (no. 8) was a double one.
The grave contained the cremated remains of a man and a woman (?). The remains of the man’s bones had been placed in an urn whilst those of the female were placed directly in the grave. The grave goods consisted of three pottery vessels, a spearhead and a knife. The urn was a large, moulded kumpf-shaped pot with a dark brown colour. It was curved towards the middle of the rim, had sharp shoulders, and a slightly widened bottom. It contained the bones of a man aged 20–30, positioned in anatomical order. Foot bone fragments were placed at the bottom of the pot, while skull fragments were placed above the contents. Within the collected human remains, which were cleared of incineration by-products, a fragment of a flint that had cracked due to high temperatures was discovered within the urn. The non-coincidence of this find is supported by the presence of a similar burnt flint nodule in the urn marked with no. 9. Burial no. 1 contained a jar-shaped pot with vertical rims and a ribbed bowl with a widened base, which had been deformed due to intense heat. These ceramics were found in the grave goods. All shew signs of having been placed on a cremated pyre.
Burial no. 2 was located in the immediate vicinity and had a pit-like shape. It was the grave of an adult female (?) of the adultus-senilis age group. Ploughing disturbed much of the site, causing the cremation remains to be scattered throughout the northern part of the tomb rather than preserved in a coherent cluster. A prismatic carnelian bead was found among the bones. It appeared to have been burnt.
Based on the rituals and equipment found, the site can be attributed to the Przeworsk culture and dated to the B2/C1 period, which corresponds to the later half of the 2nd century AD. The adjacent graves nos. 7 and 9 indicate the distinctive interment practices of this society, implying the presence of an exceptional cultural characteristic in the burial rites of Kariv-I cemetery.
References
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Holck, P. 1997/2008. Cremated Bones: A Medical-Anthropological Study of an Archaeological Material on Cremation Burials. Anthropologiske skrifer, 1. Reprint of the 3rd revised edition. Oslo: Anatomisk institutt, University of Oslo.
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Mays, S. 2002. The Archaeology of Human Bones. London. New York: Routledge.
McKern, T. W., Stewart, T. D. 1957. Skeletal Age Changes in Young American Males. Technical Report EP-45, Environmental Protection Research Division, Quartermaster Research and Development Center, U.S. Army. Natick, Massachusetts. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0147240
Meindl, R. S., Lovejoy, C. O. 1985. Ectocranial Suture Closure: A Revised Method for the Determination of Skeletal Age at Death Based on the Lateral-Anterior Sutures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 68 (1), p. 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330680106
Onyshchuk, J. 2019. Kariv I — nowo odkryte cmentarzysko z okresu wczesnorzymskiego na Zachodnim Pobużu. Wstępna analiza kulturowo —historyczna. In: Kot-Legieć, K., Michałowski, A., Olędzki, M., Piotrowska, M. (eds.). Kultura przeworska. Procesy przemian i kontakty zewnętrzne. Łódź: Wydawnictwo uniwersytetu Lódzkiego, s. 359-375.
Onyshchuk, J. 2022. The Ethnocultural Situation in the Western Bug and Upper Dniester Regions during the Marcomannic Wars. In: Olędzki, M., Dubicki, A. (eds.). Rome and the Barbarians. An Interplay between two Worlds. Łódź: Wydawnictwo uniwersytetu Lódzkiego, p. 81-97.
Onyshchuk, J., Schuster, J. 2020. Die nächsten drei Sueben! Ein kaiserzeitliches “Fürstengrab” mit römischem Import und weitere Grabfunde von Kariv-I in der Westukraine. Acta Archaeologica Carpathica, LV, S. 91-110. https://doi.org/10.4467/00015229AAC.20.005.13510
Onyščuk, J., Schuster, J. 2021. Hic Suebiae finis? Ein mittelkaiserzeitliches Gräberfeld mit “Fürstengrab” von Kariv-1 aus der Westukraine. Bericht der Römisch- Germanischen Kommission (2017), 98, S. 11-77. https://doi.org/10.11588/berrgk.2017.1.85520.
Ortner, D., Putschar, W. 1981. Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Schaefer, M., Black, S., Scheuer, L. 2009. Juvenile Osteology. A Laboratory and Field Manual. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
Schmidt, C., Symes, S. (eds.). 2008. The Analysis of Burned Human Remains. London: Elsevier.
Schultz, M. 1988. Paläopathologische Diagnostik. In: Knussmann, R. (Hrgb.). Anthropologie. Handbuch der vergleichenden Biologie de Menschen, B. I/1. Stuttgart; New York: Fischer Verlag, S. 480-496.
Schwartz, J. H. 2007. Skeleton Keys: An Introduction to Human Morphology, Development and Analysis. 2nd edition. Oxford: University Press.
Selwyn, L. 2004. Overview of Archaeological Iron. The Corrosion Problem, Key Factors Affecting Treatment, and Gaps in Current Knowledge. In: Ashton, J., Hallam, D. Metal 04: Proceedings of Metal 2004 National Museum of Australia Canberra ACT, 4–8 October 2004, Canberra: Cirils Digital, p. 294-306.
Slobodyan, Т., Terpylovsky, R. 2021. Prospects of Research on Cremated Human Remains: Correlation of Metal Traces on Cremations with Funeral Rituals and Burial Customs. Anthropologischen Anzeigers, 78/1–2, р. 33-58. https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1226
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