Hun Assemblage from the Dnipro River Lower Region
Keywords:
Proletarka, Huns, Horizon Untersiebenbrunn, burial, diadem.
Abstract
n the spring 1966, 5 km west of the Proletarka village of the former Tsiurupynsk district, the Kherson Oblast, during ploughing the tractor drivers A. Pulinets and M. Horshkov destroyed an ancient burial. Pupils and teachers of the local school came to the place to examine it. As a result a golden diadem, golden earrings, a golden necklace with pendants, silver shoe buckles, thin gold plates, amber beads, a knife and a clay spindle whorl were brought to the Kherson Local History Museum.
The reconstruction of the burial rite is very difficult. Dr. Ratner classified it as a “female burial with a horse” and subsequently all researchers referred to this definition. Only three molars, two animals and one human, survived from the remains. However, animal teeth from the assemblage belong to a large representative of cattle.
Scholars attribute this burial to the “western” group of Hun sites and associate it with the migration of “royal” Huns. According to the chronology of J. Teyral, they date Proletarka assemblage to the period D2 (380/400–440/450) and the initial phase D2/D3 (430/440–440/450) like the most Hun’s burials of the region. According to О. V. Komar’s correlation of the Hunnic Age relics the assemblages can be classified to the group C2 which is synchronous to the European stage D2 (Unterzibenbrunn horizon); in the Northern Pontic region this stage is dated to 420–445. I. P. Zasetska classified this burial to the first chronological group, subgroup 1 “b” and dated it to 425–454.
The analogies allow us to attribute the burial from Proletarka to the early chronological group of sites of the late 4th — first half of the 5th centuries. The correlation of chronological markers narrows this dating to the second quarter of the 5th century.
The diadem from the burial belongs to the single-part and not triple-part ones, as was mistakenly defined in previous publications. The number of objects made of precious metals and the peculiarities of the costume of buried women allow considering her as a noble in the Hun society. The necklaces with conical pendants, similar to those found in Proletarka are a typical element of “princely” female burials of the Horizon Untersiebenbrunn. The finding of the spindle whorl in the burial is also unusual element for the nomadic Hun burials. All these peculiarities emphasise the specificity of the burial and may indicate close contacts with the settled population of the Danube region and the Crimea, or the fact that woman buried in Proletarka originally came from this population. The grave goods prove this hypothesis. However, we cannot confirm or refute this opinion, since no anthropological materials of the burial have survived.
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