Lamps from the Roman Citadel of Tyras
Keywords:
Tyras, Roman period, Roman garrison, citadel, lamps.
Abstract
The present paper discusses 37 lamps discovered in the area where the Roman garrison of Tyras was stationed during the 2nd century and the first half of the 3rd century AD. Attention is focused on the distribution of lamps in the area under consideration and their typology. In total, three types of moulded lamps and one type of wheel-made lamps were identified.
References
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Zhuravlev, D. V., Bykovskaia, N. V., Zheltikova, A. L. 2010. Svetilniki vtoroi poloviny III v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e. Kyiv: Mystetstvo.
Zhuravlev, D. V., Turova, N. P. 2012. Ancient Clay Lamps of the Yalta Historical-Literary Museum. Bosporskie issledovaniia, XXVI, p. 335-400.
Zubar, V. М. 2004. Interpretation of a structure discovered at the territory of the ancient town of Tyras. Аrheologia, 2, p. 137-145.
Kleiman, I. B., Kravchenko, A. A., Samoilova, T. L., Son, N. A. Otchet o raskopkakh antichnoi Tiry i srednevekovogo Belgoroda Belgorod-Tirskoi ekspeditsii Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeia i Tirskim otriadom IA AN USSR v 1979 g. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1979/91.
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Krapivina, V. V. 1993. Olviia. Materialnaia kultura I–IV vv. n.e. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
Kryzhitskii, S. D., Kleiman, I. B. 1979. Raskopki Tiry v 1963 i 1965–1976 gg. In: Karyshkovskii, P. O. (ed.). Antichnaia Tira i srednevekovyi Belgorod. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 34-119.
Kuzmanov, G. 1992. Antike Lampen. Sammlung des Nationalen Archaologischen Museums. Sofia: Balgarska akademia na naukite.
Kuzmanov, G., Minchev, A. 2018. Ancient Lamps. The Colleection of Varna Regional Historical Museum. Sofia: Bulged.
Kuzmanov, G., Salkin, A. 1981. Die Sammlung Antiker Lampen im Museum der stadt Kavarna. Izvestia na Narodnia muzey, 17 (32), p. 50-63.
Levina, E. A. 1985. Rubchatye svetilniki iz kollektsii Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeia. In: Dzis-Raiko, G. A. (ed.). Pamiatniki drevnei istorii Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 67-70.
Levina, E. A. 1987. Svetilniki iz raskopok Tiry (konets VI – I v. do n.e.). In: Samoilova, T. L. (ed.). Novye issledovaniia po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 108-118.
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Samoilova, T. L., Kozhokaru, V., Boguslavskii, G. S. 2002. Antichnaia Tira – srednevekovyi Belgorod (otchet o raskopkakh za 1996–1999 gg.). In: Roman, P., Kryzickij, S. (eds.). Tyras – Cetatea Alba / Belhorod-Dnistrovs’kyi. I. Săpăturile 1996–1999. Bucureşti: Redacţia publicaţiilor pentru străinătate, p. 51-189.
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Smolianinova, S. P. 2005. Casting moulds from Tyras. Arheologia, 1, p. 82-91.
Son, N. A., Kravchenko, A. A., Kleiman, I. B., Chepak, V. N., Otreshko, V. M., Rusiaeva, M. V., Sobolevskaia, I. A., Chaplygina, N. A. 1989. Otchet o raskopkakh antichnoi Tiry i srednevekovogo Belgoroda Tirskoi ekspeditsiei IA AN USSR v 1989 g. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1989/7.
Son, N. A., Kravchenko, A. A., Chepak, V. N., Kleiman, I. B., Ivlev, S. M. 1990. Otchet o raskopkakh Tiry v 1990 g. Tirskoi ekspeditsiei IA AN USSR. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1990/19.
Son, N. A., Sorochan, S. B. 1988. Antichnye svetilniki iz Tiry. In: Anokhin, V. A. (ed.). Antichnye drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 115-133.
Son, N. O., Sheiko, I. M. 2016. Metal Lamps from Olbia and Tyras. Arheologia, 4, p. 79-87.
Son, N. O., Sheiko, I. M. 2018. Handmade Lamps from Tyras. Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine, 3 (28), p. 140-146.
Sorochan, S. B. 1982. Pro tak zvani rubchasti svitylnyky z Khersonesu. Arheologia, 38, p. 43-50.
Sheiko I. N. 2014. Pergamum and Ephesus Type Lamps from Olbia (Import and Local Replicas). Problemy istorii, filologii, kultury, 2, p. 108-123.
Artimon, A. 2008. Precizări privind geneza şi evoluţia oraşului Bacău în secolele XIV–XV. Carpica, XXXVII, p. 23-67.
Bârlădeanu, E. 1977. În legătură cu o necropolă din epoca romană timpurie la Callatis. Pontica, X, p. 127-152.
Baumann, V. 2009. Lucernele de la Noviodunum. Peuce, VII, p. 217-310.
Bocan, I., Dabîca, M. 2023. Lămpile de la Histria I. Lămpi romane timpurii din Sectorul Sud al cetăţii Histria. Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, XIX, p. 61-77.
Broneer, O. 1930. Terracotta Lamps. Corinth, IV. Cambridge: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Bruneau, Ph. 1965. Les lampes. Délos, XXVI. Paris: De Boccard.
Bussière, J., Lindros Wohl, B. 2017. Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
Bussière, J., Rivel, J.-C. 2012. Lampes antiques de Méditerranée. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407310275
Chrzanovski, L., Zhuravlev, D. 1998. Lamps from Chersonesos in the State Historical Museum. Moscow: Roma: “L’erma” di Bretschneider.
Čičikova, M. 1987. Pottery Lamps from Novae (Lower Moesia) (1st–3rd Century). In: Ivanov, T., Čičikova, M., Dimitrova-Milčeva, A. (eds). Recherches sur la culture en Mesie et en Thrace, Bulgarie, Ie–IVe siècle. Sofia: Editions De L’Academie Bulgare des Sciences, p. 153-172.
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Eckardt, H. 2000. Illuminating Roman Britain. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal 1999, p. 8-21. https://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC1999_8_21
Giuliani, A. 2005. Hellenistische Matrizenlampen aus Ephesos. In: Chrzanovski, L. (ed.). Lychnological Acts, 1. Montagnac: Nyon-Genève, p. 139-142.
Gürler, B. 2002. Ephesos-Lampen aus Metropoli/Ionien. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien, S. 133-147.
Gürler, B. 2003. Ephesos-Lampen im Museum von Tire. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien, S. 123-131.
Hayes, J. W. 1980. Ancient Lamps in the Royal Ontario Museum, I. Greek and Roman Clay Lamps. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
Howland, R. H. 1958. Greek Lamps and Their Survivals. The Athenian Agora, IV. New Jersey: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Iconomu, C. 2013. Euctemon – un producător de lucerne la Tomis (I). Arheologia Moldovei, XXXVI, p. 89-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/amold.2013.0.29156
Iliescu, I., Botiş, F.-O. 2018. The Pottery Workshops from Histria. In: Rusu-Bolindeţ, V. (ed.). Atlas of Roman Pottery Workshops from the Provinces Dacia and Lower Moesia/Scythia Minor (1st – 7th centuries AD). Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, p. 193-210.
Jaworska, M. 2024. The So-Called “Sunburst Lamps” Found in Apsaros. Pontica et Caucasica, IV, p. 39-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788366210363
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. 2018. Mithraea in Scythia and Taurica. Novae, VI, p. 189-199.
Kassab Tezgör, D., Sezer, T. 1995: Catalogue des lampes en terre cuite du Musée Archéologique d’Istamboul, 1. Epoques protohistorique, archaïque, classique et hellénistique. Istamboul: Institut Francais d’Etudes Anatoliennes d’Istanbul.
Kostova, K., Dobreva, D. 2008. Roman, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Lamps from National Archaeological Reserve “Deultum-Debelt”. In: Roman, C.-A., Gudea, N. (eds.). Lychnological Acts, 2. Trade and Local Production of Lamps from the Prehistory until the Middle Age. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, p. 161-170.
Loeschcke, S. 1919. Lampen aus Vindonissa. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte von Vindonissa und des antiken Beleuchtungswesens. Zürich: Beer & Cie.
Nicorescu, P. 1933. Fouilles de Tyras. Dacia, III–IV, p. 557-601.
Oziol, T. 1977. Les lampes du Musée de Chypre. Salamine de Chypre, VII. Paris: De Boccard.
Panaitescu, A. 1977. Mormânt de epocă romană de la Tomis. Pontica, X, p. 339-343.
Petruț, D. 2018. Pottery and Military Life. The Ceramic Assemblages from the Barracks of the Auxiliary Fort at Buciumi, Dacia Porolissensis. Cluj‑Napoca: Editura Mega.
Popescu, M.-C. 2011. Lamps Discovered in Pre-Roman Dacia 2nd Century BC – 1st Century AD). Notes on the Adoption of an Innovation. Caiete. Asociaţia Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, 2, p. 5-21.
Popescu, R., Raţiu, A. 2016. Lămpi romane şi romano-bizantine din colecţia Muzeului Municipiului Bucureşti. Revista de Cercetări Arheologice şi Numismatice, 2, p. 144-165.
Postoș, R.-G. 2022. Broken Discus Lamps from Roman Dacia. Acta Musei Napocensis, 59/I, p. 113-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54145/ActaMN.I.59.07
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V. 2010. The Lamps from the Early Roman Time from Histria. An Introduction on the Activity of the Lamp Producing Workshops in Roman Dobrogea. In: Angelescu, M. V. (ed). Antiquitas Istro-Pontica. Mélanges d`archéologie et d`histoire ancienne offerts à Alexandru Suceveanu. Cluj-Napoca: Mega Éditions, p. 401-420.
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Zhuravlev, D. V., Bykovskaia, N. V., Zheltikova, A. L. 2010. Svetilniki vtoroi poloviny III v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e. Kyiv: Mystetstvo.
Zhuravlev, D. V., Turova, N. P. 2012. Ancient Clay Lamps of the Yalta Historical-Literary Museum. Bosporskie issledovaniia, XXVI, p. 335-400.
Zubar, V. М. 2004. Interpretation of a structure discovered at the territory of the ancient town of Tyras. Аrheologia, 2, p. 137-145.
Kleiman, I. B., Kravchenko, A. A., Samoilova, T. L., Son, N. A. Otchet o raskopkakh antichnoi Tiry i srednevekovogo Belgoroda Belgorod-Tirskoi ekspeditsii Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeia i Tirskim otriadom IA AN USSR v 1979 g. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1979/91.
Kleiman, I. B. 1971. Raskopki pomeshcheniia veksilliatsii 1-go Italiiskogo legiona v Tire. Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomoria, 7, p. 229-238.
Krapivina, V. V. 1993. Olviia. Materialnaia kultura I–IV vv. n.e. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
Kryzhitskii, S. D., Kleiman, I. B. 1979. Raskopki Tiry v 1963 i 1965–1976 gg. In: Karyshkovskii, P. O. (ed.). Antichnaia Tira i srednevekovyi Belgorod. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 34-119.
Kuzmanov, G. 1992. Antike Lampen. Sammlung des Nationalen Archaologischen Museums. Sofia: Balgarska akademia na naukite.
Kuzmanov, G., Minchev, A. 2018. Ancient Lamps. The Colleection of Varna Regional Historical Museum. Sofia: Bulged.
Kuzmanov, G., Salkin, A. 1981. Die Sammlung Antiker Lampen im Museum der stadt Kavarna. Izvestia na Narodnia muzey, 17 (32), p. 50-63.
Levina, E. A. 1985. Rubchatye svetilniki iz kollektsii Odesskogo arkheologicheskogo muzeia. In: Dzis-Raiko, G. A. (ed.). Pamiatniki drevnei istorii Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 67-70.
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Rosokhatskii, A., Batizat, G., Kozhokaru, V., Oprish, I. K. 1997. Otchet o rabote Belgorod-Tirskoi ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii NAN Ukrainy pri uchastii Instituta Frakologii Rumynii v 1997 g. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1997/71.
Savelev, O. K. 2021. Fragment rimskogo figurnogo svetilnika iz Tiry. Starodavnie Prychornomoria, XIII, p. 374-381.
Samoilova, T. L., Kozhokaru, V., Boguslavskii, G. S. 2002. Antichnaia Tira – srednevekovyi Belgorod (otchet o raskopkakh za 1996–1999 gg.). In: Roman, P., Kryzickij, S. (eds.). Tyras – Cetatea Alba / Belhorod-Dnistrovs’kyi. I. Săpăturile 1996–1999. Bucureşti: Redacţia publicaţiilor pentru străinătate, p. 51-189.
Samoilova, T. L., Rosokhatskii, A. A. 1997. K voprosu o rasprostranenii khristianstva v Severo-Zapadnom Prichernomore. In: Kriuchkov, Yu. (ed.). Istoriia. Etnohrafiia. Kultura. Novi doslidzhennia: materialy II Mykolaivskoi oblasnoi kraieznavchoi konferentsii. Mykolaiv: Mykolaivskyi oblasnyi kraieznavchyi muzei, p. 31-32.
Smolianinova, S. P. 2005. Casting moulds from Tyras. Arheologia, 1, p. 82-91.
Son, N. A., Kravchenko, A. A., Kleiman, I. B., Chepak, V. N., Otreshko, V. M., Rusiaeva, M. V., Sobolevskaia, I. A., Chaplygina, N. A. 1989. Otchet o raskopkakh antichnoi Tiry i srednevekovogo Belgoroda Tirskoi ekspeditsiei IA AN USSR v 1989 g. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1989/7.
Son, N. A., Kravchenko, A. A., Chepak, V. N., Kleiman, I. B., Ivlev, S. M. 1990. Otchet o raskopkakh Tiry v 1990 g. Tirskoi ekspeditsiei IA AN USSR. Scientific Archives of the Institute of Archaeology, the NAS of Ukraine, f. 64, 1990/19.
Son, N. A., Sorochan, S. B. 1988. Antichnye svetilniki iz Tiry. In: Anokhin, V. A. (ed.). Antichnye drevnosti Severnogo Prichernomoria. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, p. 115-133.
Son, N. O., Sheiko, I. M. 2016. Metal Lamps from Olbia and Tyras. Arheologia, 4, p. 79-87.
Son, N. O., Sheiko, I. M. 2018. Handmade Lamps from Tyras. Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine, 3 (28), p. 140-146.
Sorochan, S. B. 1982. Pro tak zvani rubchasti svitylnyky z Khersonesu. Arheologia, 38, p. 43-50.
Sheiko I. N. 2014. Pergamum and Ephesus Type Lamps from Olbia (Import and Local Replicas). Problemy istorii, filologii, kultury, 2, p. 108-123.
Artimon, A. 2008. Precizări privind geneza şi evoluţia oraşului Bacău în secolele XIV–XV. Carpica, XXXVII, p. 23-67.
Bârlădeanu, E. 1977. În legătură cu o necropolă din epoca romană timpurie la Callatis. Pontica, X, p. 127-152.
Baumann, V. 2009. Lucernele de la Noviodunum. Peuce, VII, p. 217-310.
Bocan, I., Dabîca, M. 2023. Lămpile de la Histria I. Lămpi romane timpurii din Sectorul Sud al cetăţii Histria. Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, XIX, p. 61-77.
Broneer, O. 1930. Terracotta Lamps. Corinth, IV. Cambridge: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Bruneau, Ph. 1965. Les lampes. Délos, XXVI. Paris: De Boccard.
Bussière, J., Lindros Wohl, B. 2017. Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
Bussière, J., Rivel, J.-C. 2012. Lampes antiques de Méditerranée. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407310275
Chrzanovski, L., Zhuravlev, D. 1998. Lamps from Chersonesos in the State Historical Museum. Moscow: Roma: “L’erma” di Bretschneider.
Čičikova, M. 1987. Pottery Lamps from Novae (Lower Moesia) (1st–3rd Century). In: Ivanov, T., Čičikova, M., Dimitrova-Milčeva, A. (eds). Recherches sur la culture en Mesie et en Thrace, Bulgarie, Ie–IVe siècle. Sofia: Editions De L’Academie Bulgare des Sciences, p. 153-172.
Croitoru, C., Diaconu, V. 2019. Lămpi antice de tip “Euctemon” (re)descoperite întro colecție locală. Memoria Antiquitatis, XXXV, p. 57-69.
Eckardt, H. 2000. Illuminating Roman Britain. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal 1999, p. 8-21. https://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC1999_8_21
Giuliani, A. 2005. Hellenistische Matrizenlampen aus Ephesos. In: Chrzanovski, L. (ed.). Lychnological Acts, 1. Montagnac: Nyon-Genève, p. 139-142.
Gürler, B. 2002. Ephesos-Lampen aus Metropoli/Ionien. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien, S. 133-147.
Gürler, B. 2003. Ephesos-Lampen im Museum von Tire. Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien, S. 123-131.
Hayes, J. W. 1980. Ancient Lamps in the Royal Ontario Museum, I. Greek and Roman Clay Lamps. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.
Howland, R. H. 1958. Greek Lamps and Their Survivals. The Athenian Agora, IV. New Jersey: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
Iconomu, C. 2013. Euctemon – un producător de lucerne la Tomis (I). Arheologia Moldovei, XXXVI, p. 89-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11588/amold.2013.0.29156
Iliescu, I., Botiş, F.-O. 2018. The Pottery Workshops from Histria. In: Rusu-Bolindeţ, V. (ed.). Atlas of Roman Pottery Workshops from the Provinces Dacia and Lower Moesia/Scythia Minor (1st – 7th centuries AD). Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, p. 193-210.
Jaworska, M. 2024. The So-Called “Sunburst Lamps” Found in Apsaros. Pontica et Caucasica, IV, p. 39-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788366210363
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. 2018. Mithraea in Scythia and Taurica. Novae, VI, p. 189-199.
Kassab Tezgör, D., Sezer, T. 1995: Catalogue des lampes en terre cuite du Musée Archéologique d’Istamboul, 1. Epoques protohistorique, archaïque, classique et hellénistique. Istamboul: Institut Francais d’Etudes Anatoliennes d’Istanbul.
Kostova, K., Dobreva, D. 2008. Roman, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Lamps from National Archaeological Reserve “Deultum-Debelt”. In: Roman, C.-A., Gudea, N. (eds.). Lychnological Acts, 2. Trade and Local Production of Lamps from the Prehistory until the Middle Age. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega, p. 161-170.
Loeschcke, S. 1919. Lampen aus Vindonissa. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte von Vindonissa und des antiken Beleuchtungswesens. Zürich: Beer & Cie.
Nicorescu, P. 1933. Fouilles de Tyras. Dacia, III–IV, p. 557-601.
Oziol, T. 1977. Les lampes du Musée de Chypre. Salamine de Chypre, VII. Paris: De Boccard.
Panaitescu, A. 1977. Mormânt de epocă romană de la Tomis. Pontica, X, p. 339-343.
Petruț, D. 2018. Pottery and Military Life. The Ceramic Assemblages from the Barracks of the Auxiliary Fort at Buciumi, Dacia Porolissensis. Cluj‑Napoca: Editura Mega.
Popescu, M.-C. 2011. Lamps Discovered in Pre-Roman Dacia 2nd Century BC – 1st Century AD). Notes on the Adoption of an Innovation. Caiete. Asociaţia Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, 2, p. 5-21.
Popescu, R., Raţiu, A. 2016. Lămpi romane şi romano-bizantine din colecţia Muzeului Municipiului Bucureşti. Revista de Cercetări Arheologice şi Numismatice, 2, p. 144-165.
Postoș, R.-G. 2022. Broken Discus Lamps from Roman Dacia. Acta Musei Napocensis, 59/I, p. 113-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54145/ActaMN.I.59.07
Rusu-Bolindeţ, V. 2010. The Lamps from the Early Roman Time from Histria. An Introduction on the Activity of the Lamp Producing Workshops in Roman Dobrogea. In: Angelescu, M. V. (ed). Antiquitas Istro-Pontica. Mélanges d`archéologie et d`histoire ancienne offerts à Alexandru Suceveanu. Cluj-Napoca: Mega Éditions, p. 401-420.
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