The Golden Horde Nomads from the Necropolis near Voloshyne Village

Yuriy V.  Dolzhenko

doi:10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02.061

Yuriy V. Dolzhenko Institute of Archaeology, of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-2835

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02.061

Keywords: the Golden Horde, nomads, Poltava region, Lower Psel basin, burial, cranioskopy, Voloshyne village, craniology.

Abstract

Monuments of the Golden Horde history had become well-known recently in Poltava region, especially in its steppe districts (in the lower basins of the Sula, Psel, Suhy Kobeliachok, Vorskla and Oril rivers). The crossings on Dnieper, Psel and Vorskla functioning in developed Medieval Period and at the beginning of the Late Medieval Period have caused emergence of nomads’ camps. The camps maintained and protected roads and crossings as well as, probably, sustained customs on the banks of the Dnieper, near submerged Perevolochna, Keleberda and Kremenchuk. The Protective archaeological expedition of Centre for the Protection and Investigation of Archaeological Sites (Cultural Department of Poltava Regional State Administration) have explored the grave mounds of the Group 2 on a piece of land intended for ferruginous quartzite quarry of the company “Ferrexpo Yeristovo Mining” in July – September 2003 and in summer 2005. The works were carried out 7,0-7,2 km to the north and north-east of Horishni Plavni (former Komsomolsk) between the villages of Dukanychi, Voloshyne and Solontsi (Dmytriv village council of Horishni Plavni municipality, Poltava region). As a result, anthropological material has been given to the author’s study. After studying of 46 skulls and their parts (period of the Golden Horde, Voloshyne area) it was found out, that the frequency of the 2nd type of underorbital patterns on the skulls from Voloshyne is low. It is a feature of the Southern Caucasians. The indexes of sphenomaxillary suture are moderate. Occipital index from the grave field under investigation is increased according to the percentage (eastern vector of connections). Posterior zygomatic suture on the skulls of probed group is absent. It is typical for the Caucasians. Index of transverse palatine suture is moderate and indicates the series as a border-line between Caucasians and Mongoloids according to the mentioned feature and closer to European populations. The percentage of supraorbital foramens on the skulls is increased (eastern vector of connections). Multivariate principal component analysis has shown that the explored series is closer not to the groups of the interfluve of the Volga and Ural, Kurai valley or Transbaikal, but to people from the Lover Dnieper basin (Mamay Surka) according to ethnical cranioskopy, when male and female skulls are considered together.

References

Balabanova, M.A., Pererva, E.V. 2013. Maiachnyi bugor mogilnik Krasnoiarskogo gorodishha zolotoordynskogo vremeni (antropologiia). Volgograd.
Balabanova, M.A., Pererva, E.V., Zubareva, E.G. 2011. Antropologiia Krasnoiarskogo gorodishha zolotoordynskogo vremeni. Volgograd.
Bodianskyi O.V. Arkheolohichni pamiatky Zaporizkoi ta Dnipropetrovskoi oblastei, yaki ruinuiutsia vodamy ozera im. V.I. Lenina ta Kakhovskoho vodoskhovyshcha. Naukovyi arkhiv IA NANU. 1977/89.
Bogusevich V.A., Goncharov V.K., Dovzhenok V.I., Kilievich S.R., Kopylov F.B., Kuchera M.P., Jura R.A. Otchet o rabotakh Kremenchugskoi drevnerusskoi arheologicheskoi ekspeditsii Instituta arheologii AN USSR v 1957 g. Poltavskaia obl. Naukovyi arkhiv IA NANU, f. e., 1957/3.
Bratchenko, S.N., Kvitnickii, M.V., Shvetsov, M.L. 2012. Kochevniki razvitogo srednevekovia na Severskom Dontse. Kyiv.
Bubenok, O.B. 2004. Alany-asy v Zolotoi Orde (XІІІ-XV vv.). Kyiv.
Deriabin, V.E. 2008. Kurs lekcii po mnogomernoi biometrii dlia antropologov. Moskva.
Dolzhenko, Yu.V. 2015. Die bevölkerung der stadt Woyin XII-XIV jh. nach kraniologiedaten. East European Scientific Journal. Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe, III. pp. 95-102.
Dolzhenko, Yu.V. 2016. Kraniolohichna kharakterystyka odnoho z pokhovanykh u kurhani poblyzu Kobeliachka na Kremenchuchchyni. Dodatok 2 u statti Suprunenka O. B. Kurhan poblyzu s. Kobeliachok na Kremenchuchchyni. Svichado Prydniprovia. Miskyi kraieznavchyi Almanakh, 10, pp. 98-104.
Dolzhenko, Yu.V. 2013. Kranioskopichna kharakterystyka kochovykiv-polovtsiv XI-XIII st. Bratchenko S.N., Kvitnitskii M.V., Shvedov M.L. Kochevniki razvitogo srednevekovia na Severskom Dontse. Kyiv, pp. 137-140.
Dovzhenok, V.Y., Honcharov, V.K., Yura, R.O. 1966. Drevnoruske misto Voin. Kyiv.
Elnikov, M.V. 2006. Srednevekovoi mogilnik Mamai-Surka (po materialam issledovanii 1993-1994 gg.). Zaporizhzhia, vol. ІІ.
Gromov, A.V., Moiseev, V.G. 2004. Kranioskopiia naseleniia zapadnoi i yuzhnoi Sibiri: geografiia i khronologiia. Rasy i narody. 30, pp. 216-248.
Horbenko, S.O. 2006. Kraniolohichne doslidzhennia ta etnichna identyfikatsiia za cherepom zolotoordynskoho kochivnyka z pokhovannia 4 kurhanu 11 poblyzu s. Voloshyne na Poltavshchyni. Suprunenko O.B. Kurhany z pokhovanniamy zolotoordynskoho chasu poblyzu Voloshynoho u ponyzzi Psla. Starozhytnosti okolyts Komsomolska. Kyiv; Poltava, vol. III, pp. 113-135.
Kolybenko, O.V. 2015. Doslidzhennia arkheolohichnykh pamiatok Pereiaslavskoi volosti 11-13 st. Naukovi zapysky z ukr. istorii. 37, pp. 156-168.
Kolybenko, O.V. 2005. Istoryko-kraieznavchi doslidzhennia Pereiaslavshchyny (arkheolohichni dzherela). Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, vol. 1.
Konduktorova, T.S. 1957. Paleoantropologicheskie materialy iz srednevekovogo Kamenskogo mogilnika. Sovetskaia antropologiia. 1, pp. 55-57.
Kozintsev, A.G. 1988. Etnicheskaia kranioskopiia: rasovaia izmenchivost shvov cherepa sovremennogo cheloveka. Leningrad.
Kozintsev, A.G. 1987. Kranioskopiia i rasovaia klassifikaciia. Sovetskaia etnografiia. 2, pp. 12-31.
Kozintsev, A. 1992. Homo. Ethnic Epigenetic: a New Approach Ethnische Epigenetik, 43/3, pp. 213-244.
Kozlovskyi, A.O. 1992. Istoryko-kulturnyi rozvytok Pivdennoho Podniprovia v XIX-XIV st. Kyiv.
Krupa, T.M. 2005. Doslidzhennia shovkovoi parchi zolotoordynskoi doby z kurhanu 8, pokhovannia 1 poblyzu s. Voloshyne na Nyzhnomu Psli. Arkheolohichnyi litopys Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy. 1-2, pp. 103-107.
Kruts, S.I., Lytvynova, L.V. 2002. Antropolohichna kharakterystyka naselennia Nyzhnoho Podniprovia doby serednovichchia (za materialamy mohylnyka Blahovishchenka). Suchasni problemy arkheolohii. pp. 115-117.
Kruts, S.I., Lytvynova, L.V. 2003. Antropolohichnyi sklad naselennia Pivdennoho Podniprovia za materialamy mohylnyka Blahovishchenka. Arkheolohichni vidkryttia v Ukraini 2001-2002 rr., 5, pp. 143-149.
Kulatova, I.M., Skoryi, S.A., Suprunenko, O.B. 2010. Kurhany poblyzu s. Voloshyne v ponyzzi Psla. Starozhytnosti okolyts Komsomolska, VIII.
Litvinova, L.V. 2006. Paleoantropologicheskii material iz gruntovogo mogilnika Mamai Surka (issledovanii 1993-1994 gg.). Razdel 2. Elnikov M.V. Srednevekovyi mogilnik Mamai-Surka (po materialam issledovanii 1993-1994 gg.). Zaporizhzhia, vol. ІІ, pp. 298-354.
Lytvynova, L.V. 2004. Antropolohichna kharakterystyka naselennia Nyzhnoho Podniprovia doby serednovichchia (za materialamy mohylnyka Mamai Surka).Arkheolohiia. 2, pp. 68-78.
Lytvynova, L.V. 2012. Naselennia Nyzhnoho Podniprovia 12 - pochatku 15 st.Kyiv.
Lytvynova, L.V. 2008. Naselennia Nyzhnoho Podniprovia XII - pochatku XV st. za antropolohichnymy danymy. Dys. … kandydata istorychnykh nauk. Kyiv.
Moiseev, V.G., Shirobokov, I.G., Kriiska, A., Khartanovich, V.I. 2013. Kraniologicheskaia kharakteristika srednevekovogo naseleniia Estonii. Radlovskii sbornik. Nauchnye issledovaniia i muzeinyie proekty MAE RAN v 2012 g. Sankt-Peterburg, pp. 71-79.
Motsia, O.P. 2017. Zolotoordynski “temni” viky na zemliakh Pivdennoi Rusi: istoryko-arkheolohichnyi kontekst. Arkheolohiia, 2, pp. 24-37.
Myronenko, K.M., Shylov, Yu.O. 2003. Zolotoordynski pokhovannia na Kremenchuchchyni. Arkheolohichnyi litopys Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy, 2. pp. 105-109.
Pletneva, S.A. 1981. Pechenegi, torki, polovtsy. Stepi Evrazii v epokhu srednevekovia. Moskva, pp. 202-239.
Rutkivska, L.M. 1975. Pamiatky kochovykh plemen Stepovoho Podniprovia IX-XIII st. Arkheolohiia Ukrainskoi RSR, 3, pp. 435-443.
Sankina, S.L., Moiseev, V.G. 2006. Aleksandr Grigorevich Kozintsev. Personalia.Antropologicheskii forum. 5, pp. 459-462.
Seheda, S.P. 2001. Antropolohichnyi sklad ukrainskoho narodu. Etnohenetychnyi aspekt. Kyiv.
Shepel, E.A. 1992. Antropologicheskaia harakteristika kochevnikov po materialam mogilnika u s. Prishib. “Stepi Vostochnoj Evropy vo vzaimosviazi Vostoka i Zapada v srednevekove” (tezisy dokladov) mezhdunarodnyi nauchnyi seminar. Donetsk, pp. 66.
Sikorskii M.I., Makhno E.V., Buzian G.N. Otchet o rabote Pereiaslav-Khmelnickoi arheologicheskoi ekspeditsii za 1978 g. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy. f. e., 1978/85.
Sikorskii M.I., Makhno E.V., Buzian G.N. Otchet o rabote Pereiaslav-Khmelnitskoi arheologicheskoi ekspeditsii za 1983 g. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy. f. e., 1983/157.
Sukhobokov, O.V. 1989. Pivdenno-skhidne porubizhzhia davnoruskoi derzhavy v VIII-XIII st. Arkheolohiia. 3, pp. 50-59.
Suprunenko, A.B., Maevskaia, S.V. 2010. Pogrebenie zolotoordynskogo vremeni s ostatkami kostiuma devochki-kochevnitsy na Nizhnem Psle. Stepi Evropy v epokhu srednevekovia: Trudy po arkheologii. Donetsk, vol. 8, pp. 295-340.
Suprunenko, O.B. 2016 Kurhan poblyzu s. Kobeliachok na Kremenchuchchyni. Svichado Prydniprovia. Miskyi kraieznavchyi Almanakh. 10, pp. 81-97.
Suprunenko, O.B. 2013. Novi materialy z ponyzzia Psla. Pratsi tsentru pamiatkoznavstva. 24, pp. 153-167.
Suprunenko, O.B., Artemiev, A.V., Maievska, S.V. 2005. Unikalnyi kompleks zolotoordynskoho chasu poblyzu Voloshynoho. Kyiv; Poltava.
Suprunenko, O.B., Maievska, S.V., Artemiev, A.V., Horbenko, S.O. 2006. Kurhany z pokhovanniamy zolotoordynskoho chasu poblyzu Voloshynoho u ponyzzi Psla. Kyiv; Poltava.
Suprunenko, O.B., Pryimak, V.V., Myronenko, K.M. 2004. Starozhytnosti zolotoordynskoho chasu Dniprovskoho lisostepovoho Livoberezhzhia. Kyiv; Poltava.
Suprunenko O.B., Sherstiuk V.V., Puholovok Yu.O. Zvit pro doslidzhennia hrupy kurhaniv poblyzu kol. Khut. Dukanychi bilia s. Voloshyne Dmytrivskoi silskoi rady m. Komsomolsk Poltavskoi obl. na prom. maidanchyku Yerystivskoho karieru VAT “Poltavskyi HZK” u 2009 r. Naukovyi arkhiv Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy. f. e., 2009/278.
Tolochko, P.P. 1998 Pro pokhodzhennia y pobutuvannia terminu “Ukraina”.Arxeologichnyi Litopys Livoberezhnoyi Ukrainy. 1-2 (3-4), pp. 3-4.
Tomashevich, T.V. 1988 Zakonomernosti raspredeleniia chastot podglaznichnykh kanalov cherepa cheloveka. Voprosy arkheologii. 80, pp. 119-128.
Yelnykov, M. 2006. Do pytannia pro kilkist zolotoordynskykh horodyshch na Nyzhnomu Dnipri. Mat. mizhnar. nauk. konf. “Pivnichne Prychornomoria i Krym u dobu serednovichchia (XIV-XV st.)”. Kirovohrad, pp. 45-51.
Yelnykov, M.V. 2002. Do pytannia pro mihratsii za chasiv Zolotoi Ordy na Nyzhnomu Dnipri. Suchasni problemy arkheolohii. Kyiv, pp. 72-73.
Zinevych, H.P. 1960. Materialy do vyvchennia antropolohichnykh osoblyvostei cherepiv Kairskoho mohylnyka XI-XIII st. Materialy z antropolohii Ukrainy. 1, pp. 98-101.