To the Issue of Timing and Circumstancesof Rebuilding the Synagogue into the Church in ChersonesosTo the Issue of Timing and Circumstancesof Rebuilding the Synagogue into the Church in Chersonesos
Keywords:
Chersonesos, Basilica 1935, first Christian temple, synagogue, The Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson, Aetherius.
Abstract
The article analyses the strands from The Lives of Holy Bishops of Cherson related with the construction of the first Christian temple in the city, as well as archaeological material discovered in the early temple Basilica 1935. The analysis showed that most probably there was a synagogue functioning in the Late Ancient and Early Mediaeval Chersonesos within a short period of time in the 4th century. It belonged to an intermediate “wide house” square-shaped type Quadratbau dated predominantly by the 3rd and 4th centuries. In the early 390s, in the time of Aetherius, bishop of Cherson, it was reconstructed into the Christian church. The remains of the church under Basilica 1935 can be determined in sacral topography of Chersonesos as one of the earliest monuments of Christian art in the city.
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Zolotarev M.I. Khersonesskiie sviatyni. Sevastopol, 2002.
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Zubar V.M. Proniknoveniie i utverzhdeniie khristianstva v Khersonese Tavricheskom. Vizantiiskaia Tavrika. Kyiv, 1991, pp. 8-29.
Zubar V.M., Khvorostianyi A.I. Ot yazychestva k khristianstvu. Nachalnyi etap proniknoveniia i utverzhdeniia khristianstva na yuhe Ukrainy (vtoraia polovina III pervaia polovina VI v.). Kyiv, 2000.
Kolesnikova L.G. Rannekhristianskaia skulptura Khersonesa. Khersones Tavricheskii. Remeslo i kultura. Kyiv, 1974, pp. 58-60.
Korobkov D.Yu. Ob osobennostiakh planirovki zdaniia pozdneantichnoi sinagogi v Khersonese. Vzaimootnosheniia religioznykh konfessii v mnohonatsionalnom regione. Sevastopol, 2001, pp. 25-31.
Korobkov D.Yu. Vnov ob yudeiskikh siuzhetakh v dekore antichnykh svetilnikov. Problemy religii stran Chernomorsko-Sredizemnomorskogo regiona. Sevastopol; Krakov, 2001a, pp. 149-158.
Kurbatov G.L. Rannevizantiiskii gorod: Antiokhiia v IV veke. Leningrad, 1962.
Latyshev V.V. Zhytiia sv. Episkopov khersonskikh: (Issledovaniia i teksty). Zapiski Imp. Akademii nauk po istoriko-filologicheskomu otdeleniiu. St.-Peterburg, 1906, ser. 8, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 12-13.
Litovchenko A.N., Fomin M.V., Chekal A.H. O proiskhozhdenie rannekhristianskoi khudozhestvennoi traditsii v vizantiiskom Khersone. Kondakovskie chteniia III. Chelovek i epokha: Antichnost-Vizantiia-Drevniaia Rus. Belhorod, 2010, pp. 121-133.
Litovchenko A.N., Fomin M.V., Chekal A.G. Siriiskie motivy v rannekhristianskom iskusstve Khersonesa-Khersona. Sugdeiskii sbornik. Kyiv; Sudak, 2012, iss. 5, pp. 142-151.
Mogarychev Yu.M. Krymskaia agiografiia kak otrazhenie izmenenii v politicheskoi i tserkovnoi strukture Tavriki ikonoborcheskogo perioda: K postanovke problemy. PIFK. 2003, iss. 13, pp. 287-300.
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Overman E., Maklennan R., Zolotarev M.I. K izucheniiu iudeiskikh drevnostei Khersonesa Tavricheskogo. Arkheolohiia. 1997, no. 1, pp. 57-63.
Patmosskaia rukopis. Zhytiia episkopov Khersonskikh v kontekste istorii Khersonesa Tavricheskogo. Narteks. Bizantina Ukrainensia. Kharkov, 2012. vol. 1.
Pioro I.S. Pro odyn z pohliadiv na dzherela ta ictoriiu piznoantychnoho Khersonesa. Arkheolohiia. 1997, no. 2, pp. 123-128.
Piatysheva N.V. K voprosu ob etnicheskom sostave naseleniia Khersonesa v I-VI vekakh n. e. Antichnoie obshchestvo. Moskva, 1967, pp. 183-185.
Romanchuk A.I. Issledovaniia Khersonesa-Khersona. Raskopki. Hypotezi. Problemy: Monohrafiia: V 2 T. vol. 2: Vizantiiskii gorod. Tiumen, 2008.
Rukopisi 296. Zhytiia episkopov Khersonskikh v kontekste istorii Khersonesa Tavricheskogo. Narteks. Bizantina Ukrainensis. Kharkov, 2012, vol. 1.
Solomonik E.I. K voprosu o naselenii Khersonesa Tavricheskoho. ADSV. Sverdlovsk, 1979, iss. 16, pp. 119-125.
Solomonik E.I. Drevneishie evreiskie poseleniia i obshchiny v Krymu. Evrei Kryma: Ocherki istorii. Symferopol; Erusalim, 1997, pp. 9-22.
Sorochan S.B. Vizantiiskii Kherson. Ocherki istorii i kultury. Kharkov, 2005.
Sorochan S.B., Zubar V.M., Marchenko L.V. Zhyzn i gibel Khersonesa. Kharkov, 2000.
Strzheletskii S.F. K voprosu interpretatsii i datirovki nekotorykh pamiatnikov Khersonesa iz raskopok 1935-1936 gg. Istoriko-arkheologicheskii sbornik Nauchno-issledovatelskogo instituta kraevedcheskoi i muzeinoi raboty. Moskva, 1947, vol. 2, pp. 145-160.
Tarkhanova S.V. Amvrosii Mediolanskii i Markell Apameiskii: gordost Herostrata. Lekhaim. Sentiabr. 2015, pp. 2-6.
Tarkhanova S.V. U istokov sinahohi: proiskhozhdenie i klassifikatsyia. Lekhaim, fevral. 2015, pp. 2-8.
Tarkhanova S.V. Arkhitektura sinagog pozdneantichnogo perioda (III-VII vv.) na territorii Severnoi Palestiny: tipologiia, kompozitsyia, dekor: Dys. … kand. iskusstvoved. Moskva, 2016.
Fomin M.V. Pogrebalnaia traditsiia i obriad v vizantiiskom Khersone (IV-X vv.). Kharkov, 2011.
Fomin M.V. K voprosu o formirovanii khristianskoi obshchiny v pozdneantichnom Khersonese. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma. Sevastopol; Tiumen, 2012, iss. 4, pp. 69-77.
Fomin M.V. Rannekhristianskaia zhyvopis pozdneantichnogo Khersonesa. Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Kryma. Sevastopol; Tiumen, 2014, iss. 6, pp. 299-389.
Fomin M.V. Shevtsova A.A. O rannekhristianskikh kompleksakh Khersonesa. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.N. Karazina. 2013, 1087: Ser. “Istoriia”, iss. 47, pp. 22-33.
Khrushkova L.G. O nachale khristianskogo Khersonesa Tavricheskogo: krestoobraznaia tserkov na glavnom kladbishche. Sugdeiskii sbornik. 2005, iss. 2, pp. 293-420.
Tsukerman K. Episkopy i garnizon Khersona v IV veke. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. 1994, iss. 4, pp. 545-561.
Yakobson A.L. K izucheniiu fresok iz yuzhnogo nefa baziliki 1935 g. v Khersonese. Sovetskaia arkheologiia. 1978, vol. 2, pp. 96-100.
Yakobson A.L. Zakonomernosti v razvitii rannesrednevekovoi arkhitektury. Leningrad, 1983.
Yashaeva T.Yu. Srednevekovyi Khersones kak tsentr Malogo palomnichestva. Pravoslavnye drevnosti Tavriki. Kyiv, 2002, pp. 155-158.
Avi-Yonah M. Synagogue Architecture in the Classical Period. Jewish Art. 1961, pp. 155-190.
Foerster G. ASurvey of Ancient Diaspora Synagogues. Ancient Synagogues Revealed. 1981, pp. 71-164.
Goodenough E. Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. NY, 1953, vol. 1.
Imperatoris Theodosii codex. Internet resurs rezhym dostupa 29.08.2015 http://droitromain.upmf-grenoble.fr/Constitutiones/CTh16.html#8
Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures. Boston, 2012.
Jews in Early Christian Law Byzantium and the Latin West, 6th 11th centuries. Turnhaut, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1484/m.relmin-eb.6.09070802050003050500050207
Safrai Z. The Missing Centuri. Palestine in the Fifth Century: Growth and Decline. Bondgenotenlaan, 1998.
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