Glass Vessels of the 5th - 1st Centuries BC from Excavation of Tyras
Abstract
The core-formed glass vessels from the excavation of the ancient city of Tyras in 1959-2001 are analyzed in the paper. Materials are kept in the the Institute of archaeology (Kyiv) and the Odesa Archaeological Museum of the NAS Ukraine. All vessels are fragmented. Thirteen fragments of amphoriskoi, alabastra, oenochoai and unguentaria have been examined. The first glass vessels have been delivered to the city during ca. 5th - early 4th centuries BC. The fragment of oenochoe (mid-4th - early 3rd centuries BC) can reflect the ties of Tyras with the West Mediterranean basin, probably Italy. Most fragments are dated to the 3rd-2nd centuries BC and were the parts of amphoriskoi and unguentaria. Similar amphoriskoi were discovered in the workshop on Rhodes. The finds of these fragments are the evidence of the trade and economic relations between Tyras and Rhodes. The last period when core-formed glass flacons entered Tyras is marked by the fragments of vessels of the late 2nd - early 1st centuries BC. They were supposedly produced in Syria andPalestine region and on Cyprus. Glass vessels were rather expensive and their finds could be considered as the indicator of the wealth of population. The glass of the Hellenistic period in Tyras are better represented by typological variety than anywhere in the Black Sea north region. The analyzed materials fill the gaps in general picture of the dynamics of import of this type of goods to the cities of North Pontic area and are the valuable source for the further research.
References
Arveiller-Dulong V., Nenna M.-D. Les Verres Antiques du Musée du Louvre I. Les contenants à parfum en verre moulé sur noyau et vaisselle moulée (VII siècle avant J.-C. - I r siècle après J.-C.). Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2000.
Atik Ş. Iç-kalip tekniği ile yapilmiş Anadolu kayanaklicam kaplar. 1-st International Anatolian glass symposium. April, 26-27th 1988. Istanbul, 1990, S. 16-29.
Bonomi S. Vetri antichi del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Adria. Venezia: Comitato Nazionale Italiano, 1996.
Buiskikh A.V. Yuzhnyi temenos Olvii Pontiiskoi (predvaritelnye itogi izucheniia). Vestnik drevnei istorii. 2015, no 2, pp. 6-21.
Butiagin A.M. Novye issledovaniia rannego Mirmekiiskogo zolnika. In: Bosporskii fenomen: pogrebalnye pamiatniki i sviatilishcha. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii (ed. V.Yu. Zuev). Sankt-Peterburg, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 90-94.
Cosyns P., Nys K. Core-formed Glass Vessels on Cyprus Reconsidered. In: POCA 2007: Postgraduate Cypriot Archaeology Conferencе (eds. S. Christodoulou, А. Satraki). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010, pp. 231-261.
Dashevskaia O.D. Pozdnie skify v Krymu. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov. 1991, iss. Д 1-7.
Dusenbery E.B. Samothrace. The Necropoleis. Catalogues of objects by Categories. Princeton: University Press, 1998.
Dzigovskii A.N., Ostroverkhov A.S. Stekliannaia posuda kak istoricheskoe yavlenie v pamiatnikakh skifo-sarmatskogo vremeni Ukrainy, Moldovy i Rossiiskogo Podonia (VI v. do n. e. – IV v. n. e.). Odessa: Hermes, 2000.
Feugere M. Les vases en verre sur noyau d`argile en Méditerranée nord-occidentale. In: Le verre préromain en Europe occidentale (ed. М. Feugere).Montagnac, 1989, pp. 29-62.
Fossing P. Glass Vessels before Glass-Blowing. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1940.
Giammellaro A.S. I Vetri della Sicilia Punica. Roma: Bonsignori, 2008.
Grose D.F. The Toledo Museum of Art. Early Ancient Glass. Core-Formed, Rod-Formed, Cast Vessels and Objects from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Roman Empire (from 1600 B.C. to A.D. 50). New-York: Hudson Hills Press, 1989.
Harden D.B. Catalogue of Greek and Roman Glass in the British Museum. Vol. I. Core- and Rod-Formed Vessels and Pendants. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1981.
Ilina Yu.I., Chistov D.E. Nakhodki. Antichnyi gorod na Berezani v kontse VI - pervoi chetverti V v. do n. e. In: Materialy Berezanskoi (Nizhnebugskoi) antichnoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii, vol. 2. Issledovaniia na ostrove Berezan v 2005-2009 gg. Sankt-Peterburg, 2012, pp. 63-73.
Jackson-Tal R.E. The Late Hellenistic Glass Industry in Syro-Palestine: A Reappraisal. Journal of Glass Studies. 2004, no 47, pp. 11-32.
Karyshkovskii P.O., Kleiman I.B. Drevnii gorod Tira. Kyiv, 1985.
Kleiman I.B. Stratigrafiia kulturnogo sloia gorodishcha Tiry-Belgoroda In: Antichnaia Tira i srednevekovyi Belgorod (ed. P.O. Karyshkovskii). Kyiv, 1979, pp. 54-88.
Kozub Yu.I. Nekropol Olvii V-IV st. do n. e. Kyiv, 1974.
Kolesnichenko A.N. “Finikiiskie” sosudy iz Tiry. Drevnee Prichernomore. 2013, iss. X, pp. 314-318.
Kolesnichenko A.N. Stekliannye sosudy iz Nikoniia, izgotovlennye v tekhnike serdechnika. Stratum plus. 2017, no 3, pp. 361-378.
Kunina N.Z. Stekliannye sosudy iz nekropolei Tamanskogo poluostrova v Ermitazhe. Tamanskaia starina. 2002, iss. 4, pp. 109-128.
Kunina N.Z. Stekliannye sosudy, sdelannye v tekhnike serdechnika (VI vek do n. e. - nachalo I veka n. e.) iz nekropolia Pantikapeia v sobranii Ermitazha. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. 2008, iss. XLI, pp. 304-352.
McClellan M.C. Core-formed glass from dated contexts. Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of Pennsylvania. University Microfilms International. Ann Arbor (UMI 8505107). Michigan, 1984.
Meconcelli G., Ferrari D. Vetri antichi: arte e tecnica. In: Bologna, Museo civico archeologico, 27 ottobre 1998-27 giugno 1999 (eds. G.M. Notarianni, D. Ferrari). Bologna: Museo civico archeologico, 1998.
Nenna M.-D. Les verres. Exploration archéologique de Délos. Paris; Athènes: École française d’Athènes, de Boccard, 1999, vol. XXXVII.
Novichenkova N.G. Gornyi Krym: II v. do n. e. - II v. n. e. Po materialam raskopok sviatilishcha u perevala Gurzufskoe Sedlo. Simferopol, 2015.
Oikonomou A., Henderson J., Gnade M., Zacharias N. An archaeometric study of Hellenistic glass vessels: evidence for multiple sources. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 2016, 16 may, pp. 1-14.
Ostroverkhov A.S. Sklo dorymskoho chasu iz Tiry ta yii okolyts. In: Tira-Belgorod-Akkerman (Materialy issledovanii) (ed. S.D. Kryzhytskyi). Odessa, 2010, pp. 55-76.
Parovich-Peshykan M. Nekropol Olvii ellinisticheskogo vremeni. Kyiv, 1974.
Pogrebova N.N. Pozdneskifskie gorodishcha na Nizhnem Dnepre (Gorodishche Znamenskoe i Gavrilovskoe). Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR. 1958, no 64.
Puklina О.О. Glass objects. In: Black Sea Studies 13. The lower city of Olbia (Sector NGS) in the 6-th century BC to the 4-th century AD (ed. N.A. Lejpunskaja). Aarhus: Arhus University Press, 2010, vol. 1, pp. 487-497.
Rotroff S.I. Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Hellenistic Pottery: the Plain Wares. The Athenian Agora. 2006, vol. XXXIII.
Saldern A. von. Handbuch der Archäologie: Antikes Glas. München: C.H. Beck, 2004.
Samoilova T.L. Tira v VI-I vv. do n. e. Kyiv, 1988.
Samoilova T.L. Sviazi antichnoi Tiry s Rodosom v dorimskii period. Drevnee Prichernomore. 2013, iss. X, pp. 554-556.
Silantieva L.F. Nekropol Nimfeia. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR. 1959, no 69, pp. 123-144.
Skrzhynskaia M.V. Stekliannye i pastovye izdeliia. In: Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii. Drevneishyi temenos Olvii Pontiiskoi. Suppl. Simferopol, 2006, iss. 2, pp. 206-208.
Skudnova V.M. Arkhaicheskii nekropol Olvii. Publikatsiia odnoi kollektsii. Leningrad, 1988.
Sorokina N.P. Novye nakhodki stekliannykh sosudov V v. do n. e. na Tamanskom poluostrove. In: Istoriia i kultura Vostochnoi Evropy po arkheologicheskim dannym (ed. S.M. Oreshnikov). Moskva, 1971, pp. 76-88.
Stern E.M. Ancient glass at the Fondation Custodia (Collection Frits Lugt) [at the Institut néerlandais] Paris. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1977.
Stern E.M., Schlick-Nolte B. Frühes Glas der alten Welt 1600 v. Chr. - 50 n. Chr. Summlung Ernesto Wolf. Stuttgart: Hatje, 1994.
Triantafyllidis T. Classical and Hellenistic Glass Workshops from Rhodes. In: Échanges et Commerce du Verre dans le Monde Antique, Actes du Colloque de l’AFAV, Aix-en-Provence et Marseille, 7-9 Juin 2001. Montagnac: editions M. Mergoil, 2003, pp. 131-138.
Tsokur I.V. Gruntovyi mogilnik “Volna 1”. Drevnosti Bospora. 2016, vol. 20, pp. 493-500.
Voščinina A.I. Frühantike Glasgefäße in der Eremitage (Gruppe der Salbgefäße in der Sandkern-Technik). Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Universität Rostock. 1967, no 16, Jhrg. Heft. 7/8, pp. 555-560.
Weinberg G.D. Glass Manufacture in the Hellenistic Rhodes. Archaiologikon Deltion. 1969, tom 24, pp. 144-151.
Weinberg G.D., McClellan M. Glass Vessels in Ancient Greece. Their History Illustrated from the Collection of the National Archaeological Museum. Athens: Archaeological Receipts fund, 1992.
Abstract views: 447 PDF Downloads: 250
This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
